Abstract
Acoustic cavitation and the physical effects of ultrasound have gained recently much attention as promising techniques for the degradation of recalcitrant organics in water such as dye. This article primarily focuses on the removal of Indigo dye substances from real textile wastewater samples using standalone ultrasonication and advanced oxidation-assisted ultrasonication. The ultrasonic treatment was optimized using a central composite design (CCD) (29 experiments, 4 factors) as a response surface methodology. Various design experimental factors (frequency, pH, initial concentration, and temperature) were investigated. The design response considered was the COD removal after 2 h of sonication. The optimal values of frequency, pH, initial concentration, and temperature were 578 kHz, 2, 1000 mg/L, and 35 °C respectively. At the aforementioned optimal factors, the US showed ultimate COD and decolorization efficiency of 16% and 59%, respectively. To get more details, a kinetic model for the rate of COD removal using non-linear regression analysis was developed and the validity of the model was tested. The rate of COD removal followed pseudo-first-order kinetics for the sonicated textile wastewater. Moreover, the dye degradation intermediate products were identified by GC–MS analysis. The results showed that both Indigotine and Indigo carmine were broken down into smaller chemical compounds. Finally, the decolorization efficiency of dyes using oxidation-assisted US (H2O2 and Fenton process) and using physicochemical treatment (coagulation/flocculation) was measured. A maximum decolorization efficiency of 94% was achieved in the sample treated by Sono-Fenton using 15 mM ferrous sulfate.
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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
The current research does not involve human participants and/or animals.
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Funding
This work was supported by MEDRC Water Research- The Middle East Desalination Research Center, project no. 19-JD-02 and by Deanship of Research at Jordan University of Science and Technology under Research Grant Number 20200474.
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This work has been derived from the MSc. thesis of the student Bara’a Al-Khateeb, which was under the supervision of both Mamdouh A. Allawzi and Arwa Abdelhay. All authors contributed to the study conception and design. The idea of the research was formulated by Arwa Abdelhay. The experimental approach was set by Arwa Abdelhay. Data collection was performed by Bara’a Al-Khateeb and Abeer Abu Othman. The data analysis was performed by Arwa Abdelhay, Bara’a Al-Khateeb, Mamdouh A. Allawzi, and Abeer Albsoul. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Arwa Abdelhay and all authors added their comments on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Abdelhay, A., Allawzi, M., Al-Khateeb, B. et al. Optimization of the Performance of Ultrasonic Irradiation for the Treatment of Textile Wastewater: Synergetic Effect of US and Advanced Oxidation. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 210 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05673-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05673-y