Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Assessing Soil Degradation and Risk in Relation to Metal Pollution in Hindon River Water-Irrigated Soils of Western Uttar Pradesh of India

  • Published:
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Soil degradation with metal pollution was assessed in polluted river water-irrigated soils. Human health risk from ingestion of metal by way of eating of edible portion of plants, raised on these soils, was predicted based on the free ion activity in contaminated soils followed by their movement to food-chain of human, using solubility-free ion activity model (FIAM). Soil quality index (SQI) was found to be lowest (PCA-SQI = 0.28) in river water-irrigated soils collected from Nithari and Barnawa village of Uttar Pradesh, India. Degree of soil health degradation due to metal accumulation as indicated by PCA-SQI follows the order: Nithari = Barnawa > Makreda > Rewari > Parsi > Kinauni. Plants grown on soils irrigated with river water showed higher accumulation of metals like zinc, copper, nickel, lead, and cadmium compared to plants raised on tube well-irrigated soils. Variation in metal content in plants grown in river as well tube well-irrigated soils could be successfully predicted by solubility-free ion activity model. Suitability of crops (rice grain, spinach, carrot, cucumber, pumpkin) as raised on river water-irrigated soils for human consumption was expressed in terms of hazard quotient, which were well within the safe limit.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

Not applicable.

Code Availability

Not applicable.

References

  • Al Omron, A. M., El-Maghraby, S. E., Nadeem, M. E. A., Al-Eter, A. M., & Al-Mohani, H. (2012). Long term effect of irrigation with the treated sewage effluent on some soil properties of Al-Hassa Governorate, Saudi Arabia. Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, 11, 15–18.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ali, M. M., Ali, M. L., Islam, M. S., & Rahman, M. Z. (2016). Preliminary assessment of heavy metals in water and sediment of Karnaphuli River, Bangladesh. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management, 5, 27–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Andrews, S. S., Karlen, D. L., & Combardella, C. A. (2004). The soil management assessment framework: A quantitative soil quality evaluation method. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 68, 1945–1962.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Belaid, N., Neel, C., Kallel, M., Ayoub, T., & Ayadi, A. (2012). Long term effects of treated wastewater irrigation on calcisol fertility: A case study of Sfax-Tunisia. Agricultural Sciences, 3(5), 702–713.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cicek, A., Karaman, M. R., Turan, M., Gunes, A., & Cigdem, A. (2013). Yield and nutrient status of wheat plant (T. aestivum) influenced by municipal wastewater irrigation. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 1, 733–737.

    Google Scholar 

  • Codex Alimentarius Commission (2017). Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods. Eleventh Session, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. (Accessed on 04. 16.2022).

  • Datta, S. P., & Young, S. D. (2005). Predicting metal uptake and risk to the human food chain from leafy vegetables grown on soils amended by long-term application of sewage sludge. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 163, 119–136.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Datta, S. P., Biswas, D. R., Saharan, N., Ghosh, S. K., & Rattan, R. K. (2000). Effect of long term application of sewage effluents on organic carbon, bio-available phosphorus, potassium and heavy metal status of soils and content of heavy metals in crops grown there on. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 48, 836–839.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • European Council Directive. (1986) European community council directive of 12 June 1986 on the protection of the environment, and in particular the soil. EEC (OJ L 181, 4.7.1986, pp. 6–12).

  • Golui, D., Datta, S. P., Rattan, R. K., Dwivedi, B. S., & Meena, M. C. (2014). Predicting bioavailability of metals from sludge amended soils. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 186, 8541–8553.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golui, D., Guha Mazumder, D. N., Sanyal, S. K., Datta, S. P., Ray, P., Patra, P. K., Sarkar, S., & Bhattacharya, K. (2017). Safe limit of arsenic in soil in relation to dietary exposure of arsenicosis patients from Malda district, West Bengal-A case study. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 144, 227–235.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golui, D., Datta, S. P., Dwivedi, B. S., Meena, M. C., Ray, P., & Trivedi, V. K. (2021). A new approach to establish safe levels of available metals in soil with respect to potential health hazard of human. Environmental Earth Sciences, 80, 667.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Golui, D., Datta, S. P., Dwivedi, B. S., Meena, M. C., Varghese, E., Sanyal, S. K., Ray, P., Shukla, A. K., & Trivedi, V. K. (2019). Assessing soil degradation in relation to metal pollution-A multivariate approach. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 28(7), 630–649.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hassanli, A. M., Javan, M., & Saadat, Y. (2008). Reuse of municipal effluent with the effect on soil properties in semi-arid area. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 144, 151–158.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • IRIS. (2022) Integrated Risk Information System-database, US Environmental Protection Agency.

  • Janhit Foundation. (2007) Hindon river: Gasping for breath”, M/s System Vision, New Delhi.

  • Jopony, M., & Young, S. D. (1994). The solid solution equilibria of lead and cadmium in polluted soils. European Journal of Soil Science, 45, 59–70.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kapungwe, E. M. (2013). Heavy metal contaminated food crops irrigated with wastewater in peri urban areas, Zambia. Open Journal of Metal, 3, 77–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kharche, V. K., Desai, V. N., & Pharande, A. L. (2011). Effect of sewage irrigation on soil properties, essential nutrient and pollutant element status of soils and plants in a vegetable growing area around Ahmednagar city in Maharashtra. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 59(2), 177–184.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kiziloglu, F. M., Turanb, M., Sahina, U., Kuslua, Y. & Dursunc, A. (2008) Effects of untreated and treated wastewater irrigation on some chemical properties of cauliflower (Brassica olerecea L. var. botrytis) and red cabbage (Brassica olerecea L. var. rubra) grown on calcareous soil in Turkey. Agricultural Water Management,95(6), 716–724.

  • Kumar, S. N., Mishra, B. B., Kumar, S., & Mandal, J. (2021). Organo-arsenic complexation studies explaining the reduction of uptake of arsenic in wheat grown with contaminated irrigation water and organic amendments. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 232, 118.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kumari, P. B., Singh, Y. K., Mandal, J., Shambhavi, S., Kumar, S., Kumar, R., Ghosh, M., Raj, A., & Singh, M. (2021). Determination of safe limit for arsenic contaminated irrigation water using solubility free ion activity model (FIAM) and Tobit regression model. Chemosphere, 270, 128630.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lindsay, W. L., & Norvell, W. A. (1978). Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42, 421–428.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Masto, R. E., Chhonkar, P. K., Singh, D., & Patra, A. K. (2008). Environment changes in soil quality indicators under long-term sewage irrigation in a sub-tropical environment. Environment Geology, 49, 21–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meena, R., Datta, S. P., Golui, D., Dwivedi, B. S., & Meena, M. C. (2016). Long-term impact of sewage irrigation on soil properties and assessing risk in relation to transfer of metals to human food chain. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 23, 14269–14283.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NCIWRD. (1999) Integrated water resource development: A plan for action: Report of the National Commission of Integrated Water Resource Development (NCIWRD): Volume 1, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India.

  • Olalade, I. A. (2014). An assessment of heavy-metal contamination in soils within auto-mechanic workshops using enrichment and contamination factors with geoaccumulation indexes. Journal of Environmental Protection, 5, 970–982l.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qian, Y. L., & Mecham, B. (2005). Long-term effects of recycled wastewater irrigation on soil chemical properties on golf course fairways. Agronomy Journal, 97, 717–721.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rattan, R. K., Datta, S. P., & Sanyal, S. K. (2009). Pollutant elements and human health. Bulletin of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 27, 103–123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rattan, R. K., Datta, S. P., Chhonkar, P. K., Suribabu, K., & Singh, A. K. (2005). Long-term impact of irrigation with sewage effluents on heavy metal content in soils, crops and groundwater – A case study. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 109, 310–322.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Renella, G., Mench, M., Van der Lelie, D., Pietramellara, G., Asher, J., Ceccherini, M. T., Landi, L., & Nanniperi, P. (2004). Hydrolase activity, microbial biomass and community structure in long-term Cd contaminated soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 36, 443–451.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez-Seijo, A., Alfaya, M. C., Andrade, M. L., & Vega, F. A. (2016). Copper, chromium, nickel, lead and zinc levels and pollution degree in firing range soils. Land Degradation & Development, 27, 1721–1730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sabo, A., Gani, A. M., & Ibrahim, A. Q. (2013). Pollution status of heavy metals in water and bottom sediment of river Delimi in Jos, Nigeria. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 3, 47–53.

    Google Scholar 

  • UPPCB. (2016) Uttar Pradesh Pollution Control Board, India.

  • Usha Rani, K., Sharma, K. L., Nagasri, K., Suma Chandrika, D., Savithri, V. L., & Lal, M. (2014). Effect of long–term sewage water irrigation on micronutrient and heavy metal content in soil and plants under Musi river basin in Hyderabad. Journal of Industrial Pollution Control, 30(1), 7–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, M., Shu, W., Yang, B., & Lan, C. (2015). Pollution assessment and potential sources of heavy metals in agricultural soils around four Pb/Zn mines of Shaoguan city, China. Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 24, 76–89.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

SERB, DST under the Core Research Grant project (File No: CRG/2018/004796) entitled “Metal and metalloid hazard in soil, plant, and groundwater in Western Uttar Pradesh receiving irrigation through Hindon river.”

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Debasis Golui, Rajendra Singh, Siba Prasad Datta, Prasenjit Ray, Vivek Kumar Trivedi & Rahul Kumar

  2. Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA

    Debasis Golui & Anand Kumar Gupta

  3. Water Technology Centre, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Manjunath Dali

  4. School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK

    Jajati Mandal

Authors
  1. Debasis Golui
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Manjunath Dali
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Rajendra Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Siba Prasad Datta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jajati Mandal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Prasenjit Ray
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Vivek Kumar Trivedi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Anand Kumar Gupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Rahul Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Debasis Golui: conceptualization, methodology, data curation, formal analysis, visualization, writing—original draft, investigation. M. Dali: methodology, data curation, formal analysis. R. Singh: supervision, resources. S.P. Datta: supervision, resources, validation, writing—review and editing. J. Mandal: visualization, formal analysis and editing. P. Ray: data curation, formal analysis and editing. V.K. Trivedi: review and editing. A.K. Gupta: formal analysis, review and editing. R. Kumar: formal analysis.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Debasis Golui.

Ethics declarations

Research Involving Human and Animal Participants

Not applicable.

Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

Consent for Publication

Not applicable.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 681 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Golui, D., Dali, M., Singh, R. et al. Assessing Soil Degradation and Risk in Relation to Metal Pollution in Hindon River Water-Irrigated Soils of Western Uttar Pradesh of India. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 168 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05640-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05640-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation