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Mitigation of Water Deficit in Two Cultivars of Panicum maximum by the Application of Silicon

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Abstract

Silicon (Si) is known as an attenuator for water deficit through increasing water status. The mechanisms involved in Si to mitigate this stress may be linked to decreasing oxidative stress and increasing phenolic compounds, associated with stoichiometric homeostasis of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and Si, although there is a lack of research especially in forage crops. This research aimed to evaluate whether the supply of Si via fertigation improves the antioxidant defense system and modifies the C/N/Si stoichiometry and the growth of two cultivars of Panicum maximum cultivated under two soil water regimes (70 and 40% water retention capacity). Two experiments were developed, and the same treatments were applied using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with Si applied via fertigation (2.5 mmol L−1) to the soil, while the control (without Si) was combined with two levels of soil moisture (70 and 40% of the soil water retention capacity). The two cultivars showed high accumulation of silicon in the shoot, low C content, low C/Si and C/N ratios, and high nutritional efficiency for the use of C in both water conditions. This is related to the potential of the Si to provide the greater antioxidant defense owing to higher production of phenolic compounds and decreased electrolyte leakage index. There was an increase in relative water content, leaf water potential, total chlorophyll content, and quantum efficiency of photosystem II, as shown by greater growth and dry mass production. Si application is a promising strategy to mitigate water deficit, ensuring new physiological and nutritional homeostasis, contributing to a more sustainable agriculture by means of feeding the herds that depend on pasturelands.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledged the support of the São Paulo State University (UNESP).

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001.

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  1. Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Department of Agricultural Production Sciences - Soil and Fertilizer Sector, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane Avenue s/n, P. C. 14884900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil

    Juan Ricardo Rocha & Renato de Mello Prado

  2. Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Centenário Avenue 303, P. C. 13400970, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil

    Marisa de Cassia Piccolo

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  1. Juan Ricardo Rocha
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Juan Ricardo Rocha: Conceptualization, methodology, software, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, writing (original draft preparation), writing (review and editing), and visualization. Renato de Mello Prado: Term, methodology, validation, investigation, supervision, and project administration. Marisa de Cassia Piccolo: Resources and data curation.

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Correspondence to Juan Ricardo Rocha.

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Rocha, J.R., de Mello Prado, R. & de Cassia Piccolo, M. Mitigation of Water Deficit in Two Cultivars of Panicum maximum by the Application of Silicon. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 63 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05539-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05539-3

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