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Ecotoxicological Evaluation and Treatment of a Denim-Laundry Wastewater

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Abstract

Several laccase-based products have been launched on the market over the years. However, there is little information about their toxicity and/or the toxicity of their residues. We evaluated the toxicity of a simulated denim-laundry wastewater containing Biolite BSN, a laccase-based product used for denim bleaching. The evaluation included a viability test with Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a phytotoxicity test with Sorghum vulgare, and a toxicity test with Daphnia magna. The viability of S. cerevisiae was reduced to 40%. The radicle and plumule growth of S. vulgare was reduced to 62 and 66%, respectively. The CL50 for D. magna was 29.7%, which classified this water as toxic (according to the percent rank method). Biolite BSN was identified as the main cause of the toxic effects; furthermore, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater was significantly high (3346.2 mg/L), and more than 90% of the COD corresponded to Biolite BSN. The anaerobic biodegradability tests showed that the denim-laundry wastewater could be treated anaerobically; therefore, it was treated in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The treatment reduced the toxicity and COD in 50 and 77%, respectively, and a methane yield of 311.1 mL CH4/g of CODremoved was obtained. Based on these results, we recommend to analyze the toxicity of all textile chemicals, regardless of whether they are enzyme-based products. A UASB reactor can be used as the first treatment stage for similar effluents in order to reduce the COD and the toxicity and recover methane as an added benefit.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

Méndez-Hernández, JE wants to thank Kevon Roberts for valuable feedback and proofreading.

Funding

This work was supported by the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology (grant number: 268164) and by the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biotechnology Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CP 09340, Mexico City, Mexico

    Jazmín Edith Méndez-Hernández, Florina Ramírez-Vives & Octavio Loera

  2. Hidrobiology Department, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, CP 09340, Mexico City, Mexico

    Alma Socorro Sobrino-Figueroa

  3. Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, CP 43600, , Hidalgo, México

    Paul Misael Garza-López

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  1. Jazmín Edith Méndez-Hernández
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  2. Florina Ramírez-Vives
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  4. Paul Misael Garza-López
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  5. Octavio Loera
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Contributions

Méndez-Hernández, Jazmín Edith: Conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, visualization. Ramírez-Vives, Florina: Resources, supervision. Sobrino-Figueroa, Alma Socorro: Resources, supervision. Garza-López, Paul Misael: Resources, funding acquisition. Loera, Octavio: Conceptualization, supervision, funding acquisition, resources, project administration, writing—reviewing.

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Correspondence to Octavio Loera.

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Méndez-Hernández, J.E., Ramírez-Vives, F., Sobrino-Figueroa, A.S. et al. Ecotoxicological Evaluation and Treatment of a Denim-Laundry Wastewater. Water Air Soil Pollut 233, 27 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-022-05500-4

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