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Use of Natural Zeolite and Its Mixtures to Refine High-Concentrated Heavy Metal-Contaminated Wastewater: an Investigation of Simultaneous Removal of Cd (II) and Pb (II) by Batch Adsorption Method

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Abstract

This study investigated the simultaneous removal of Cd2+ and Pb2+ from wastewater using commercially available Japanese zeolite (JPZ) and its mixtures. A series of batch adsorption experiments were carried out to examine the simultaneous removal of Cd2+ and Pb2+ in binary and multi-metal solutions. Results revealed that JPZ (0.105–2.0 mm) exhibited a higher affinity for Pb2+ (>250 mg/g) over Cd2+ (<50 mg/g) in single metal solutions. However, in binary and multi-metal solutions, dominant adsorption of Pb2+ ions and hampering of Cd2+ ion adsorption were observed like in other types of low-cost adsorbents. Thus, steel slag (SS) grain, which is an industrial by-product and has a high affinity for Cd2+, was mixed with JPZ in different proportions to evaluate the potential use for simultaneous removal of Cd2+ and Pb2+. The JPZ+SS mixtures (JPZ+SS [4:1], JPZ+SS [1:1], and JPZ+SS [1:4]) were performed better than JPZ alone on simultaneous removal of Cd2+ and Pb2+. The JPZ+SS [1:1] mixture was identified as the most effective one for the simultaneous removal of Cd2+ and Pb2+ from binary and multi-metal solutions. The selectivity sequence in multi-metal solution was observed as Cd2+≈Pb2+≈Cu2+≈Zn2+≈Ni2+ and 100% removal of heavy metals were observed. The Cd2+ and Pb2+ removal by JPZ+SS mixtures mainly occurred due to the Ca2+ ion-exchange reaction along with the precipitation and surface complexation. Especially, the amount of SS grain in the mixtures played a vital role in the removal process of Cd2+ and Pb2+ from wastewater.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This research was supported by JST-JICA Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) project (No. JPMJSA1701).

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  1. Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka

    G. M. P. Kumara

  2. Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan

    K. Kawamoto

  3. Faculty of Building and Industrial Construction, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, No.55 Giai Phong Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, 11616, Vietnam

    K. Kawamoto

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  1. G. M. P. Kumara
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  2. K. Kawamoto
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Correspondence to G. M. P. Kumara.

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Kumara, G.M.P., Kawamoto, K. Use of Natural Zeolite and Its Mixtures to Refine High-Concentrated Heavy Metal-Contaminated Wastewater: an Investigation of Simultaneous Removal of Cd (II) and Pb (II) by Batch Adsorption Method. Water Air Soil Pollut 232, 463 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05420-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05420-9

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