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Metal Toxicity Can Affect Dragonfly Nymphs and Ostracods Predation Rates and Food Selectivity: Ecological Implications on Food Webs

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Abstract

Predation is known to play a prominent role in maintaining ecosystem structure and functioning. Despite metals being known to potentially affect predation in aquatic ecosystems, few studies have been conducted, so far, with the aim of evaluating this interplay. In the present study, the effects of four metal salts (copper, cadmium, mercury, and manganese) on the feeding rates and food preference of the dragonfly Tramea cophisa and of the ostracod Chlamydotheca sp. were studied by performing laboratory ecotoxicity tests. Food preference was evaluated by offering four prey species to dragonfly nymphs and three to adult large ostracods. In general, the food preference of both predator species after being exposed to metal salts was not altered, compared with controls, but the feeding rate of T. cophisa decreased in comparison with controls, after exposure to each metal salt, except manganese. Contrastingly, predation rates of Chlamydotheca sp. increased after metal salt exposure. This difference in response can be explained by differences in life-history traits of these two organisms. Both species individuals preferred soft-bodied prey (Oligochaeta, Chironomidae) over water-dwelling crustaceans that are likely to be more difficult to prey upon. Tests evaluating the effects of metals and other chemicals on predation behavior may lead to a better understanding of biotic interactions that can be restricted by chemical stress, improving our understanding of possible food web disruptions underlying chemical stress.

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Data Availability

The datasets used during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to the Brazilian National Research Council (CNPq, Process: 140400/2015-0) and CAPES for scholarships to the first author in different periods, and to Dr. Norma Luiza Würdig from the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil, for the taxonomic identification of the Ostracoda species. R.A.M. has a postdoctoral fellowship from FAPESP (grant no. 2017/24126-4). This work was also supported by the Portuguese government (FCT) through a postdoc grant for M. Daam (SFRH/BPD/109199/ 2015) and the research unit UID/AMB/04085/2013 (CENSE). The work was also partially supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, Brasil (CAPES), Finance Code 001.

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  1. Post Graduate Program of Sciences of Environmental Engineering, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil

    Júlio César dos Santos Lima

  2. NEEA/CRHEA/SHS, Engineering School of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil

    Raquel Aparecida Moreira & Emanuela Cristina Freitas

  3. Post Graduate Program of Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil

    Antonio José Gazonato Neto & Douglas de Pádua Andrade

  4. CENSE, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, New University of Lisbon, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal

    Michiel Adriaan Daam

  5. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil

    Odete Rocha

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dos Santos Lima, J., Moreira, R., Neto, A. et al. Metal Toxicity Can Affect Dragonfly Nymphs and Ostracods Predation Rates and Food Selectivity: Ecological Implications on Food Webs. Water Air Soil Pollut 232, 288 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05248-3

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