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Organo-arsenic Complexation Studies Explaining the Reduction of Uptake of Arsenic in Wheat Grown with Contaminated Irrigation Water and Organic Amendments

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Abstract

Application of organics in soil can reduce uptake of arsenic (As) in food crops grown on soil spiked with As. However, the results may be different if the crop is grown with As-contaminated irrigation water. In this study, a modest initiative has been undertaken to assess the organo-arsenic equilibria using the fulvic and humic extracted from paddy husk (PH), vermicompost (VC), and soil. The fulvic and humic acids were found to be polyprotic in nature. Fulvic acid extracted from paddy husk have the highest mole ratio or combining ability of 1.88 ± 0.59 and stability constant (log K) of 8.96 ± 0.21. Based on the above findings, a greenhouse experiment with wheat crop was conducted using different concentrations of As in irrigation water (1, 2, 4, and 8 mg L−1), irrigated 5 times throughout the crop growth period and 3 levels of amendments (No amendment, VC and PH @ 10 t ha−1 each). Paddy husk and also vermicompost can be effectively used as an amendment to trim down the bioavailability of arsenic in the wheat grain provided the As content in irrigation water is < 2 mg L−1. Risk assessment of As spiked soils was carried out and expressed in hazard quotient as per USEPA guideline. Solubility free ion activity model was also used to forecast the transfer of As from As spiked soil to wheat grain.

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Acknowledgements

The authors hereby acknowledge Science Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), for funding the project, entitled “Arsenic contamination in Bihar: Implications in agriculture and possible mitigation options”. The authors acknowledge Dr. Debasis Golui, IARI, New Delhi, for providing help in computing the Free Ion Activity Model (FIAM).

Funding

Science Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, 813210, India

    Shyam Nandan Kumar, Bipin Bihari Mishra, Sunil Kumar & Jajati Mandal

  2. School of Science Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Salford, UK

    Jajati Mandal

Authors
  1. Shyam Nandan Kumar
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  2. Bipin Bihari Mishra
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  3. Sunil Kumar
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  4. Jajati Mandal
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Contributions

All authors contributed significantly towards the final make-up of the paper. Expressing in terms of author initials, JM and BBM conceived the idea of the experiment; SNK carried out the experiment and SK statistical computations; JM, SNK, and SK contributed in analysis; BBM provided valuable feedbacks after proofreading; and JM and BBM prepared the original draft and edited and compiled the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jajati Mandal.

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Kumar, S.N., Mishra, B.B., Kumar, S. et al. Organo-arsenic Complexation Studies Explaining the Reduction of Uptake of Arsenic in Wheat Grown with Contaminated Irrigation Water and Organic Amendments. Water Air Soil Pollut 232, 118 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05065-8

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