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Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of the Adsorption of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid to Chitosan-Based Hydrogels

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Abstract

The aim of this work was to study the equilibrium isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics of the adsorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid to a chitosan-based hydrogel and chitosan/magnetite-based composite hydrogel containing 1.0% (w/w) magnetite. The hydrogel synthesis and adsorption processes were confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. Adsorption was affected by contact time, solution pH, initial 2,4-D concentration, and solution temperature. The maximum 2,4-D adsorption capacities of the chitosan-based hydrogel and chitosan/magnetite-based composite hydrogel were 75.29 and 45.33 mg of pollutant per g of dried hydrogel, respectively, determined by the Sips isotherm model. The calculation of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy revealed the occurrence of spontaneous, endothermic, disordered processes. The adsorption mechanism takes place by monolayer formation and multisite intra/intermolecular interactions, according to the nonlinear Sips isotherm model. In conclusion, the adsorption of 2,4-D to the hydrogels takes place by diffusion processes, intra/intermolecular interactions, and macromolecular relaxation of the polymer network. Desorption processes confirmed the adsorption mechanism. The hydrogels synthesized in this work are efficient solid matrices for the removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and chemical oxygen demand from polluted water and wastewater.

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Acknowledgements

TV is grateful to Santa Catarina State University (Brazil) for the master’s fellowship (PROMOP). ATP thanks the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina (FAPESC [State of Santa Catarina Research and Innovation Foundation]) for financial support (Grant number: 2019/TR672) and Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq [National Council of Scientific and Technological Development] for the research productivity scholarship (Grant number 312467/2019-2). This study was also funded in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES [Coordination for the Advancement of Higher Education Personnel] – Finance Code 001).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Postgraduate Program in Applied Chemistry, Santa Catarina State University, Rua Paulo Malschitzki, 200, CEP 89219-710, Joinville, SC, Brazil

    Tainara Vieira & Alexandre Tadeu Paulino

  2. Department of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, Santa Catarina State University, Av. Luiz de Camões, 2090, CEP 88520-000, Lages, SC, Brazil

    Valter Antonio Becegato

  3. Department of Food and Chemical Engineering, Santa Catarina State University, Br 282, km 574, CEP 89870-000, Pinhalzinho, SC, Brazil

    Alexandre Tadeu Paulino

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  1. Tainara Vieira
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  2. Valter Antonio Becegato
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Vieira, T., Becegato, V.A. & Paulino, A.T. Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of the Adsorption of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid to Chitosan-Based Hydrogels. Water Air Soil Pollut 232, 60 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-021-05021-6

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