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Low Recruitment in a Population of Brook Trout in a Norwegian Watershed—Is It Due to Dilution of the Water Chemistry?

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Abstract

Dilution of the water chemistry caused by reduced acidification has lately received increased attention, both in Europe and North America. There has also been a declining trend in the supply of sea salts. Several studies have predicted detrimental effects on aquatic life due to dilution. A population of brook trout living in River Hunnedal in southwestern Norway was studied for 14 years (2006–2019). Despite acceptable water chemistry with respect to pH and inorganic Al, limited reproduction was found. With median conductivity, Ca and Na of 7.1–8.6 μScm−1, and 0.17–0.19 and 0.9–1.0 mgL−1, respectively, the water at the study sites was found to be extremely dilute. We detected a significant positive effect of Na on the densities of brook trout fry, while a less distinct effect of Ca was found. However, due to the correlation between Ca and Na we cannot conclude that Ca is unimportant. For all samplings without catch of fry (n = 13), Na was 0.86 ± 0.15 mgL−1, suggesting a critical limit for Na slightly below 1 mgL−1. We suggest that the reproduction of brook trout was restricted by the highly dilute water and the subsequent scarcity of essential ions.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Sira-Kvina Power Company for allowing us to include their data in the study, Espen Lydersen for valuable comments to an earlier draft of this paper, and Krista Kaster for correcting the language.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Stavanger, NO-4036, Stavanger, Norway

    Espen Enge & Bjørn H. Auestad

  2. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), P.O. Box 5685, Torsgarden, NO-7485, Trondheim, Norway

    Trygve Hesthagen

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  1. Espen Enge
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Correspondence to Espen Enge.

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Enge, E., Hesthagen, T. & Auestad, B.H. Low Recruitment in a Population of Brook Trout in a Norwegian Watershed—Is It Due to Dilution of the Water Chemistry?. Water Air Soil Pollut 232, 5 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04969-1

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