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Characterization and Mechanisms of a New Carbonaceous Adsorbent Based on Black Liquor Loaded with Iron Oxide for Removal of Tripolyphosphate Ions

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Abstract

The impregnation process has successfully prepared a novel composite of iron oxide/carbon from black liquor (CA-BL/Fe) as an adsorbent for the removal of tripolyphosphate ions. Black liquor is a secondary product of the bioethanol pre-treatment process. X-ray diffraction results showed that the main iron oxide species present in the CA-BL/Fe was goethite (α-FeOOH). Interestingly, the specific surface area of CA-BL/Fe was 504 m2/g higher than that of commercial activated carbon of 356 m2/g. The adsorption performance showed that tripolyphosphate ion removal efficiency increased by increasing the adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time. At the same time, it decreased with an increase in the initial concentration of tripolyphosphate. By controlling the environment pH value, the optimum removal efficiency of tripolyphosphate ions with CA-BL/Fe was 96.87%, with the adsorption capacity of 1.5922 mg/g for 1 h measurement. In this study, the dominant mechanisms of tripolyphosphate adsorption are electrostatic attraction and ion exchange. The result of this study is expected to be the basis for further promising adsorbent material for tripolyphosphate ion.

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Abbreviations

CA-BL:

Carbonaceous adsorbents-black liquor

PAC:

Polyaluminum chloride

CA-BL/Fe:

Carbonaceous adsorbents-black liquor/iron oxide

BET:

Brunauer-Emmett-Teller

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

SEM-EDX:

Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

FTIR:

Fourier-transform infrared

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Funding

This research was financially supported by INSINAS - Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education Fiscal Year 2018, ELSA LIPI - Indonesian Institute of Sciences for the instruments support, and Deputy for Engineering Sciences - Indonesian Institute of Sciences for supporting professional checking English.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jalan Sangkuriang, Komplek LIPI, Gedung 50, Bandung, 40135, Indonesia

    Ajeng Arum Sari

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences (FMIPA), Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia

    Rifahny Intan Satria Akhmad & Asep Saefumillah

  3. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Planning, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Jalan Kaliurang Km. 14.5, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

    Adelia Anju Asmara

  4. Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, 15314, Indonesia

    Osi Arutanti &  Andreas

  5. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University, Miri, Malaysia

    Tony Hadibarata

  6. Department of Statistic, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro, Tembalang, Semarang, Indonesia

    Hasbi Yasin

  7. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil, Planning, and Geo-Engineering, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia

    Adhi Yuniarto

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  1. Ajeng Arum Sari
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Sari, A.A., Akhmad, R.I.S., Asmara, A.A. et al. Characterization and Mechanisms of a New Carbonaceous Adsorbent Based on Black Liquor Loaded with Iron Oxide for Removal of Tripolyphosphate Ions. Water Air Soil Pollut 231, 449 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04816-3

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