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Is There Something in the Air? Sources, Concentrations and Ionic Composition of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in an Industrial Coastal City in Southern Brazil

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Abstract

Rio Grande (RS, Brazil) is a coastal municipality in which the climatic conditions are driven mainly by the wind regime. The city harbours important port and industrial activities that may affect residential areas. In this sense, the main goal of the present study was to investigate, for the first time, concentrations and ion composition of the atmospheric particulate matter (PM 2.5) in this peculiar city. Air samplers were installed in both urban and urban-industrial zones from October 2009 to May 2011, filtering particles < 2.5 μm one to three times a month. PM 2.5 concentrations and their ionic composition (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, NH4+, F−, Cl−, NO3−, NO2−, SO42− and PO43−) were determined, as well as the contribution of natural (originated from the sea salt) and anthropogenic ions in the samples. PM 2.5 concentrations ranged from 6.74 to 88.14 μg m−3 in the urban-industrial area and from 11.24 to 53.44 g m−3 in the urban zone, exceeding quality criteria established by WHO and CONAMA in more than 50% of the samples collected, in both areas. Ion analysis in PM 2.5 evidenced a strong contribution of ions coming from industrial sources in the composition of PM 2.5, both in the industrial and the urban zone.

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Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. The authors thank the CAPES for providing master scholarships (Rodrigo Brum) and doctoral scholarships (Laiz Honscha). Also, this study was supported by the Ecorisco Saúde Project – CNPq.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Oceanografia Geológica, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Av. Itália km 8 s/n., Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil

    Fabiane Bretanha Gutierrez, Nicolai Mirlean & Paulo Roberto Martins Baisch

  2. Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment Section, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalléen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway

    Samantha Eslava Martins

  3. Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG, Av. Itália km 8 s/n., Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil

    Samantha Eslava Martins

  4. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Av. Itália km 8 s/n., Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil

    Laiz Coutelle Honscha, Rodrigo de Lima Brum & Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Junior

  5. Programa de Pós graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, FURG, Rua Visconde de Paranaguá 102 Centro, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil

    Laiz Coutelle Honscha, Rodrigo de Lima Brum & Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Junior

  6. Centro de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91509-900, Brazil

    Vera Maria Ferrão Vargas

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  1. Fabiane Bretanha Gutierrez
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  2. Samantha Eslava Martins
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  3. Laiz Coutelle Honscha
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  4. Rodrigo de Lima Brum
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  7. Paulo Roberto Martins Baisch
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  8. Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Junior
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Correspondence to Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Junior.

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Gutierrez, F.B., Eslava Martins, S., Honscha, L.C. et al. Is There Something in the Air? Sources, Concentrations and Ionic Composition of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) in an Industrial Coastal City in Southern Brazil. Water Air Soil Pollut 231, 225 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-020-04611-0

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