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Copper and Zinc in Rhizosphere Soil and Toxicity Potential in White Oats (Avena sativa) Grown in Soil with Long-Term Pig Manure Application

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Abstract

Successive applications of pig manure increase Cu and Zn contents in soils and may cause toxicity to plants. However, plants may have defense strategies that reduce Cu and Zn availability in rhizosphere soil. The study aimed to evaluate growth of white oats (Avena sativa) and Cu and Zn availability in rhizosphere soil subjected to long-term applications of pig slurry (PS) and pig deep litter (PL). The study was carried out with samples of a Typic Hapludalf soil from an 11-year experiment with annual fertilization of 180 kg N ha−1 as pig slurry (PS180) and pig deep litter (PL180) and a control (C) treatment. White oats were grown in pots with soil collected at 0.0–0.10 m depth. Thirty-five and 70 days after emergence (DAE), rhizosphere (RS) and bulk soil (BS) were analyzed to determine Cu and Zn availability. Plant growth, tissue Cu and Zn concentration, and content (concentration X dry weight) were measured. The application of pig manure for 11 years increased available soil Cu and Zn, as well as tissue concentration and content. Dry matter yield and plant height in PL180 were similar to those found in plants grown in the control treatment, while plants grown in PS180 had higher dry matter than in C. We found few differences in soil chemical characteristics and Cu and Zn contents between RS and BS. The high Cu concentrations in roots, especially in soil treated with PL180, show that Cu retention in the roots prevents excess Cu transport to white oat shoots.

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Funding

Funding was received from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) (Project 479005/2011), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento da Educação Superior (Brasil-CAPES/Finance Code 001), Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa e Inovação no Estado de Santa Catarina (FAPESC) (11.339/2012-5), and Tecnologias Sociais para a Gestão das Águas (TSGA II)-Petrobrás Ambiental Project (6000.00029243072).

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Author notes

  1. Lucas Benedet

    Present address: Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, University Campus, Lavras, MG, 37200-000, Brazil

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Rural Engineering, Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rod. Admar Gonzaga 1346, Florianópolis, SC, 88034-000, Brazil

    Lucas Benedet, Cledimar Rogério Lourenzi, Paulo Emílio Lovato & Jucinei José Comin

  2. Department of Soil Science, Center of Rural Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, University City, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil

    Lessandro De Conti & Gustavo Brunetto

  3. Department of Agronomy, Agroveterinary Sciences Center, University of the State of Santa Catarina, Av. Luiz de Camões 2090, Conta Dinheiro, Lages, SC, Brazil

    Cleiton Junior Ribeiro Lazzari

  4. Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Technological Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina, University Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-900, Brazil

    Vilmar Müller Júnior

  5. Physicochemical Department, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil

    Deborah Pinheiro Dick

  6. Federal Institute Farroupilha, Campus Alegrete, Rodovia RS-377, Passo Novo, Alegrete, RS, 97555-000, Brazil

    Tadeu Luis Tiecher

  7. Department of Biology, Center for Natural and Exact Sciences, Federal University of Santa Maria, Av. Roraima 1000, University City, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil

    Felipe Klein Ricachenevsky

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  1. Lucas Benedet
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Correspondence to Lucas Benedet.

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Benedet, L., De Conti, L., Lazzari, C.J.R. et al. Copper and Zinc in Rhizosphere Soil and Toxicity Potential in White Oats (Avena sativa) Grown in Soil with Long-Term Pig Manure Application. Water Air Soil Pollut 230, 209 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4249-z

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