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Shift of Soil Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Dissipation Pattern and Microbial Community Composition due to Rhamnolipid Supplementation

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Abstract

Biosurfactants are promising substitutes for chemical surfactants during polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioremediation. However, recent studies have revealed contrasting findings and critical knowledge gaps regarding the impacts of biosurfactants on the soil PAH biodegradation efficiency and microbial community. Here, a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the impact of rhamnolipid on the PAH dissipation efficiency and microbial community structure during the time-course incubation. The data showed that the contribution ratio of biotic loss and abiotic loss depended on the ring number of PAH. In the microcosms supplemented with 20 μg g−1 rhamnolipid, the biodegradation efficiencies of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene increased by 10.1%, 12.3%, and 22.0%, respectively, compared to those in the rhamnolipid-free treatment after incubation for 7 days. In contrast, rhamnolipid either had no impact on or inhibited PAH degradation in the later time points (21–35 days). The abundance of bacterial 16S rRNA and phnAc genes showed significant increase in soil amended of both PAH and rhamnolipid. MiSeq sequencing results revealed that potential PAHs-degrading Massilia, Bacillus, Lysobacter, Archrobacter, and Phenylobacterium became dominant genera in PAH treatment, irrespective of the rhamnolipid added. Nevertheless, PAH addition in the presence of rhamnolipid also significantly stimulated the growth of Delftia, Brevundimonas, Tumebacillus, and Geobacillus. In contrast, the rhamnolipid altered the microbial community composition through the selection of Gaiella, Solirubrobacter, Nocardioides, and Bacillus. The results reveal the intensive selectivity effect of PAH and rhamnolipid on the soil microbes that are involved in bioremediation, and highlight the positive effect on PAHs biodegradation.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Huilin Li, Lan Wang, Mingli Liao, and Zaijun Yang for their assistance in chemical analysis.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Science Foundation of China (41606142) and the Fundamental Research Funds of China West Normal University (463140 and 412554).

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  1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, Sichuan, China

    Lu Lu, Jing Zhang & Chao Peng

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Lu, L., Zhang, J. & Peng, C. Shift of Soil Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Dissipation Pattern and Microbial Community Composition due to Rhamnolipid Supplementation. Water Air Soil Pollut 230, 107 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4118-9

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