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Coagulation Behavior and Floc Properties of Dosing Different Alkaline Neutralizers into the Fenton Oxidation Effluent

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Abstract

Neutralization is the necessary operation to ensure the Fenton effluent pH. In situ coagulation can be induced during neutralization. In this study, three types of alkaline neutralizers (Ca(OH)2, NaOH, and Ca(OH)2 + NaOH) were added into the Fenton oxidized PSE to control the effluent pH of 6 to 9. The coagulation behavior, floc structure, and properties were investigated. The results indicated that the coagulation with the adding of three neutralizers can remove 9.68 to 24.02% of the TOC. Ca(OH)2 exhibited the highest TOC removal efficiency at the dosage of 0.4 g/L. Charge neutralization ability was in the following order: Ca(OH)2 > Ca(OH)2 + NaOH > NaOH. Ca(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 + NaOH showed the increase of floc growth rate with the increase of agent dosage, especially for Ca(OH)2 + NaOH. Moreover, Df of NaOH flocs was higher than that of Ca(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 + NaOH, indicating the floc formed by NaOH was more compact than that of Ca(OH)2. The main coagulation process of three neutralizers was different, and it was also affected by the agent dosage (or pH). When the dosage was 0.35 g/L (pH 6–7.5), the complexation, adsorption, and bridging were the predominant processes while charge neutralization gradually became the main coagulation process for Ca(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 + NaOH with the increase of dosage (pH 7.5–9).

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Abbreviations

A/O:

Anoxic/oxic process

AOPs:

Advanced oxidation process

Ca(OH)2 :

Calcium hydroxide

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

d 50 :

The median volumetric diameter

D F :

Fractal dimension

DOC:

Dissolved organic carbon

DOM:

Dissolved organic matters

Fe(OH)3 :

Ferric hydroxide

FT-IR:

Infrared spectroscopy

HNO3 :

Nitric acid

H2O2 :

Hydrogen peroxide

HO·:

Hydroxyl radicals

IPP:

Image pro plus

KBr:

Potassium bromide

NaOH:

Sodium hydroxide

PSE:

Petrochemical secondary effluent

PCWWTP:

Petrochemical wastewater treatment plant

RSM:

Response surface methodology

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SS:

Suspended solids

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

TOC:

Total organic carbon

W:

Weight

XRD:

X-ray diffractometer

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Funding

The work is financially supported by the China special S&T project on treatment and control of water pollution (2017ZX07402002).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China

    Min Xu, Changyong Wu, Yuexi Zhou, Hao Xue & Yin Yu

  2. College of Water Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China

    Min Xu & Hao Xue

  3. Research Center of Water Pollution Control Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environment Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China

    Changyong Wu, Yuexi Zhou & Yin Yu

  4. School of Marine Science and Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China

    Yanan Li

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  1. Min Xu
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  2. Changyong Wu
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  4. Yuexi Zhou
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Xu, M., Wu, C., Li, Y. et al. Coagulation Behavior and Floc Properties of Dosing Different Alkaline Neutralizers into the Fenton Oxidation Effluent. Water Air Soil Pollut 229, 382 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-4030-8

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