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Effects of TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Neotropical Cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii by Waterborne and Dietary Routes

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Abstract

The impact of nanoparticles (NPs) in zooplankton is poorly studied, particularly when organisms are exposed through diet. Food, constituted mainly by unicellular algae, can act as an important route of contamination for zooplankton. Since unicellular algae have a high surface area in relation to their volume, NPs can interact with their cell membranes and walls, as well as with exopolysaccharides secreted by them. In the present research, we investigated both the acute effects of waterborne titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), and its chronic effects via dietary exposure on the Neotropical freshwater zooplankton Ceriodaphnia silvestrii Daday, 1902 (Crustacea: Cladocera). The observed acute effects served as support for chronic tests, in which we investigated the effects of TiO2 NPs on survival and life history parameters (body length, numbers of eggs, and neonates produced) of cladoceran adult females, using the freshwater cosmopolitan chlorophycean Raphidocelis subcapitata as source of contamination of TiO2 NPs for zooplankton. R. subcapitata cells were exposed to concentrations of 0, 0.01, 1, and 10 mg L−1 of TiO2 NPs for 96 h, and then provided as food for females of C. silvestrii until the third brood was released. Significant toxic effects were observed in body length and total number of neonates and eggs produced by females of C. silvestrii at concentrations of 1 and 10 mg L−1 of TiO2 NPs. Survival was the most sensitive parameter when exposure was given via food. From the concentration of 0.01 mg L−1 of TiO2 NPs, there was a decrease in the survival of C. silvestrii females. The quantification of TiO2 NPs in algae evidenced that they have retained NPs in their cells, being, therefore, an important route of exposure and toxicity of TiO2 NPs to the studied microcrustacean.

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Acknowledgements

The first author would like to thank the “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Ensino Superior” (CAPES) for the scholarship. The authors would also like to thank the “Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico” (CNPq - process number 305229/2016-8) and the “Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo” (FAPESP processes number 2014/14139-3 and 2016/00753-7) for the financial support. The authors thank Mrs. Jane Godwin Coury for the English language revision.

Funding

This study was funded by “Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal do Ensino Superior” (CAPES) (scholarship), “Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico” (CNPq - process number 305229/2016-8), and the “Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo” (FAPESP processes number 2014/14139-3 and 2016/00753-7) (financial support).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate Program in Ecology and Natural Resources, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil

    Gisele Maria de Lucca

  2. Department of Hydraulic and Sanitation, São Carlos Engineering School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Trabalhador São-Carlense, 400, São Carlos, SP, 13560-970, Brazil

    Emanuela Cristina Freitas

  3. Department of Hydrobiology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235, Monjolinho, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil

    Maria da Graça Gama Melão

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  1. Gisele Maria de Lucca
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  2. Emanuela Cristina Freitas
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  3. Maria da Graça Gama Melão
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Correspondence to Gisele Maria de Lucca.

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Highlights

• Toxicity of TiO2 NPs was determined to a Neotropical cladoceran.

• Cultures of the microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata were contaminated with TiO2 NPs.

• Chronic effects of TiO2 NPs were evaluated by dietary route.

• The route of exposure induced high mortality of tropical cladocerans exposed to low concentrations of TiO2 NPS.

• From the concentration of 0.01 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs, there was a decrease in the survival of females of Ceriodaphnia silvestrii.

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de Lucca, G.M., Freitas, E.C. & da Graça Gama Melão, M. Effects of TiO2 Nanoparticles on the Neotropical Cladoceran Ceriodaphnia silvestrii by Waterborne and Dietary Routes. Water Air Soil Pollut 229, 307 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-3964-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-3964-1

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