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Simultaneous Determination of Phorate and Oxyfluorfen in Well Water Samples with High Accuracy by GC-MS After Binary Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction

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Abstract

The potential risk of pesticides to cause harm to humans and other organisms even at trace levels calls for sensitive and accurate analytical techniques for their simultaneous qualitative and quantitative determinations. In this study, a sensitive binary dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (B-DLLME) strategy was developed for the simultaneous determination of phorate and oxyfluorfen by gas chromatography mass spectrometry after extraction/preconcentration from aqueous solution. An experimental design was used to optimize parameters of the B-DLLME method to obtain maximum outcome. Under the optimum conditions of B-DLLME, the limit of detection (LOD) for phorate and oxyfluorfen were found to be 0.41 μg L−1 and 0.54 μg L−1, respectively. The detection limits correlate to about 37 and 73 folds enhancement in detection powers when compared to direct GC-MS determination of phorate and oxyfluorfen, respectively. In order to find out the applicability of developed method to real samples, recovery tests were performed for 20 μg L−1 of phorate and oxyfluorfen spiked in well water samples. Percent recovery values were found to be 94.5% for phorate and 101.9% for oxyfluorfen.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, İstanbul, Turkey

    Emel Alkan, Elif Öztürk Er & Seyfullah Keyf

  2. Institute of Science, Environmental Engineer Department, Bülent Ecevit University, 67100, Zonguldak, Turkey

    Fatih Kapukıran & Nizamettin Özdoğan

  3. Faculty of Art and Science, Chemistry Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, İstanbul, Turkey

    Dotse Selali Chormey & Sezgin Bakırdere

Authors
  1. Emel Alkan
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  2. Fatih Kapukıran
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  3. Elif Öztürk Er
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  4. Dotse Selali Chormey
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  5. Seyfullah Keyf
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  6. Nizamettin Özdoğan
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  7. Sezgin Bakırdere
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Correspondence to Seyfullah Keyf or Sezgin Bakırdere.

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Alkan, E., Kapukıran, F., Er, E.Ö. et al. Simultaneous Determination of Phorate and Oxyfluorfen in Well Water Samples with High Accuracy by GC-MS After Binary Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction. Water Air Soil Pollut 229, 298 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-018-3939-2

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