Abstract
In this work, the effect of crystallite size, defects, and surface area of iron oxyhydroxide particles supported on mesoporous MCM-41 on the adsorption of hazardous β-lactamic antibiotics was investigated. Different adsorbents were prepared by impregnation of 5, 10, 20, and 50 wt% of Fe followed by treatment at 150–400 °C. Mössbauer, XRD, BET, TG, FTIR, and Raman analyses suggested that treatment at 150 °C produced a mixture of α-Fe2O3, FeOOH, and highly dispersed Fe3+ species. At higher temperatures, different phases were gradually converted to hematite with crystallite sizes varying from 1 to 5 nm. Both, Fe content and temperature, strongly affected the amoxicillin, cephalexin, and ceftriaxone adsorption at pH 5, 7, and 9, with the best results obtained for the sample 20Fe150 (20% Fe treated at 150 °C), ca. 25 mgAMX g−1 which decreased to 17, 6, and 4 mgAMX g−1 (AMX = amoxicillin) upon treatment at higher temperatures. These results combined with competitive adsorption using AMX/phosphate and H2O2 decomposition experiments suggested that the antibiotic molecules are likely adsorbing by complexation on Fe3+ surface species of poorly crystallized small particles of Fe oxyhydroxide phases. It was observed that below a critical crystallite size of 3 nm, the AMX adsorption was very sensitive and strongly increased.
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Acknowledgements
We thank the Center of Microscopy at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (http://www.microscopia.ufmg.br) for providing the equipment and technical support for experiments involving electron microscopy. This research used resources of the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), an open national facility operated by the Brazilian Centre for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM) for the MCTIC (Proposal 20160824). The assistance of Alexandre Carvalho, beamline staff is especially acknowledged.
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The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of CNPq, INCT-MIDAS, CAPES, and FAPEMIG.
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Salviano, A.B., Santos, M.R.D., de Araújo, L.M. et al. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Supported on Mesoporous MCM-41 for Efficient Adsorption of Hazardous β-Lactamic Antibiotics. Water Air Soil Pollut 229, 59 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3652-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3652-6