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Reflectance Spectroscopy (Vis-NIR) for Assessing Soil Heavy Metals Concentrations Determined by two Different Analytical Protocols, Based on ISO 11466 and ISO 14869-1

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the potency of soil reflectance spectroscopy in the visible and near infrared (Vis-NIR) spectral regions in estimating soil heavy metal pollution in the western coastal front of Thessaloniki (N. Greece) and how the protocol used for chemical analyses can affect the models’ performance. For this purpose, 49 topsoil samples were collected and the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb were determined by two different analytical methods, i.e., ISO 11466 based on the technique of atomic absorbance spectrometry (AAS) and ISO 14869-1 using the technique of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The spectral signatures were applied for modeling the metal concentrations by using the partial least squares regression (PLSR) method. To eliminate the “noise” of data and enhance the models’ accuracy, four spectral pre-treatment methods were used. The overall results showed that there is heavy metal pollution in the soils of specific areas in the studied region and that the use of different chemical analytical methods can affect the performance of examined prediction models. Better prediction models were created for the cases of Pb, Cu, and Cr concentrations, which were estimated by the application of ISO 14869-1, while for the case of Cd better prediction models were obtained, by the application of ISO 11466. These results may indicate that soil reflectance spectroscopy can measure the total heavy metal content in soil samples.

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Acknowledgements

This research was co-funded by the “Greece-The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia IPA Cross-Border Program” 2007–2013, under the frame of the project “Soil degradation assessment and rehabilitation strategies for sustainable land use planning” with the acronym TERRA-MED.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Spectroscopy and GIS, Department of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. 231, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Theodora Angelopoulou & George Zalidis

  2. Interbalkan Environment Center (i-BEC), 18 Loutron Str., 572 00, Lagadas, Greece

    Agathoklis Dimitrakos, Evangelia Terzopoulou & George Zalidis

  3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece

    John Theocharis

  4. Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. “Cyril and Methodius” University, Arhimedova 5, 1000, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia

    Trajce Stafilov

  5. Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece

    Anastasios Zouboulis

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  1. Theodora Angelopoulou
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Correspondence to George Zalidis.

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Angelopoulou, T., Dimitrakos, A., Terzopoulou, E. et al. Reflectance Spectroscopy (Vis-NIR) for Assessing Soil Heavy Metals Concentrations Determined by two Different Analytical Protocols, Based on ISO 11466 and ISO 14869-1. Water Air Soil Pollut 228, 436 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3609-9

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