Abstract
Edible muscle tissues of Solea solea, Mullus barbatus, and Sardina pilchardus marketed in Mersin were analyzed for their Cr (total), Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As (total), Cd, Sn, and Pb levels. Metal levels of the tissues were determined using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrophotometric (ICP-MS) methods. Muscle levels of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sn, and Pb were determined as 0.19–2.80, 0.08–3.88, 0.93–25.76, 0.03–0.63, 0.01–1.96, 1.28–45.95, 0.49–25.26, 0.14–4.03, and 0.02–1.37 mg kg−1 w.w., respectively. Cadmium levels were below detection limits in all the muscle samples taken. Mean metal levels of the tissues were compared with the provisional tolerable daily (PTDs) and weekly (PTWIs) intake limits. Mean metal levels taken by the consumption of analyzed tissues were below PTDs and PTWIs; hence, the fish species studied do not pose any risk for human consumption from the point of heavy metals.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdallah, M. A. M. (2008). Trace element levels in some commercially valuable fish species from coastal waters of Mediterranean Sea, Egypt. Journal of Marine Systems, 73(1), 114–122. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.09.006.
Anon (2003). International Atomic Energy Agency Analytical Quality Control Services Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria, Reference Material, IAEA-407. “Trace Elements and Methylmercury In Fish Tissue”. https://www.iaea.org/nael/refmaterial/iaea407.pdf.
Ateş, A., Türkmen, M., & Tepe, Y. (2015). Assessment in heavy metals in fourteen marine fish species of four Turkish seas. Indian Journal of Geo-Marine Sciences, 44(1), 519–526.
Bettini, S., Ciani, F., & Franceschini, V. (2006). Recovery of the olfactory receptor neurons in the African Tilapia mariae following exposure to low copper level. Aquatic Toxicology, 76(3), 321–328. doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2005.10.009.
Bilandžić, N., Đokić, M., & Sedak, M. (2011). Metal content determination in four fish species from the Adriatic Sea. Food Chemistry, 124(3), 1005–1010. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.07.060.
Bosch, A. C., O'Neill, B., Sigge, G. O., Kerwath, S. E., & Hoffman, L. C. (2015). Heavy metals in marine fish meat and consumer health: a review. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 96(1), 32–48. doi:10.1002/jsfa.7360.
Burger, J., & Gochfeld, M. (2005). Heavy metals in commercial fish in New Jersey. Environmental Research, 99(3), 403–412. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2005.02.001.
Canli, M., & Atli, G. (2003). The relationships between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Environmental Pollution, 121(1), 129–136. doi:10.1016/s0269-7491(02)00194-x.
Canli, M., Kalay, M., & Ay, Ö. (2001). Metal (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Cr, Ni) concentrations in tissues of a fish Sardina pilchardus and a prawn Peaenus japonicus from three stations on the Mediterranean Sea. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 67(1), 75–82. doi:10.1007/s001280093.
Cirillo, T., Fasano, E., Viscardi, V., Arnese, A., & Amodio-Cocchieri, R. (2010). Survey of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic in seafood purchased in Campania, Italy. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B, 3(1), 30–38. doi:10.1080/19440041003636646.
Çoğun, H., Yüzereroğlu, T. A., Kargin, F., & Firat, Ö. (2005). Seasonal variation and tissue distribution of heavy metals in shrimp and fish species from the Yumurtalık coast of Iskenderun Gulf, Mediterranean. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 75(4), 707–715. doi:10.1007/s00128-005-0809-6.
Das, K. K., Das, S. N., & Dhundasi, S. A. (2008). Nickel, its adverse health effects & oxidative stress. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 128(4), 412–425.
Duruibe, J. O., Ogwuegbu, M. O. C., & Egwurugwu, J. N. (2007). Heavy metal pollution and human biotoxic effects. International Journal of Physical Sciences, 2(5), 112–118.
EC (2005) European Community. Commission Regulation No 78/2005 (pp. L16/43–L16/45). Retrieved from https://www.tid.gov.hk/english/aboutus/tradecircular/cic/eu/2005/files/ci312005a.pdf.
Eisler, R. (2000). Handbook of chemical risk assessment: health hazards to humans, plants, and animals (vol. 2). Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers.
El-Moselhy, K. M., Othman, A. I., El-Azem, H. A., & El-Metwally, M. E. A. (2014). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in some tissues of fish in the Red Sea, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 1(2), 97–105. doi:10.1016/j.ejbas.2014.06.001.
Elnabris, K. J., Muzyed, S. K., & El-Ashgar, N. M. (2013). Heavy metal concentrations in some commercially important fishes and their contribution to heavy metals exposure in Palestinian people of Gaza Strip (Palestine). Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences, 13(1), 44–51. doi:10.1016/j.jaubas.2012.06.001.
EPA (2000a). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Chromium Compounds, Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/chromium-compounds.pdf.
EPA (2000b). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Nickel Compounds, Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/nickle-compounds.pdf.
EPA (2000c). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Arsenic Compounds, Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/arsenic-compounds.pdf.
EPA (2000d). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Cadmium Compounds, Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/cadmium-compounds.pdf.
EPA (2005). Environmental Protection Agency. Zinc and Compounds; CASRN 7440–66-6. Retrieved from https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/subst/0426_summary.pdf#nameddest=rfd.
EPA (2016). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Manganese Compounds, Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-10/documents/manganese.pdf.
Ersoy, B., & Çelik, M. (2010). The essential and toxic elements in tissues of six commercial demersal fish from Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48(5), 1377–1382. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.03.004.
FAO (1983). (Food and Agriculture Organization), Compilation of legal limits for hazardous substances in fish and fishery products. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/q5114e/q5114e.pdf.
FAO (2005). Statistics division, food security statistics, food consumption. Retrieved from http:// www.fao.org/es/ESS/faostat/foodsecurity/index_en.htm.2005.
FAO (2014). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3720e.pdf.
FAO/WHO (2004). Summary of evaluations performed by the joint FAO/WHO expert committee on food additives (JECFA 1956–2003. Retrieved from ftp://ftp.fao.org/es/esn/jecfa/call_63.pdf.
Guérin, T., Chekri, R., Vastel, C., Sirot, V., Volatier, J. L., Leblanc, J. C., & Noël, L. (2011). Determination of 20 trace elements in fish and other seafood from the French market. Food Chemistry, 127(3), 934–942. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.061.
Ikem, A., & Egiebor, N. O. (2005). Assessment of trace elements in canned fishes (mackerel, tuna, salmon, sardines and herrings) marketed in Georgia and Alabama (United States of America). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 18(8), 771–787. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2004.11.002.
Jain, C. K., & Ali, I. (2000). Arsenic; occurrence, toxicity and speciation techniques. Water Research, 34(17), 4304–4312. doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00182-2.
Kalay, M., Ay, Ö., & Canli, M. (1999). Heavy metal concentrations in fish tissues from the Northeast Mediterranean Sea. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 63(5), 673–681. doi:10.1007/s001289901033.
Kalogeropoulos, N., Karavoltsos, S., Sakellari, A., Avramidou, S., Dassenakis, M., & Scoullos, M. (2012). Heavy metals in raw, fried and grilled Mediterranean finfish and shellfish. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 50(10), 3702–3708. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.012.
Kargin, F. (1996). Seasonal changes in levels of heavy metals in tissues of Mullus barbatus and Sparus aurata collected from Iskenderun Gulf (Turkey). Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 90(3), 557–562. doi:10.1007/bf00282669.
Killilea, D. W., Atamna, H., Liao, C., & Ames, B. N. (2003). Iron accumulation during cellular senescence in human fibroblasts in vitro. Antioxidants and Redox Signalling, 5(5), 507–516. doi:10.1089/152308603770310158.
MAFF (2000). (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food). Monitoring and surveillance of non-radioactive contaminants in the aquatic environment and activities regulating the disposal of wastes at sea. Retrieved from https://www.cefas.co.uk/publications/aquatic/aemr51.pdf.
Miedico, O., Iammarino, M., Pompa, C., Tarallo, M., & Chiaravalle, A. E. (2015). Assessment of lead, cadmium and mercury in seafood marketed in Puglia and Basilicata (Italy) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 8(2), 85–92. doi:10.1080/19393210.2014.989281.
Mol, S. (2011a). Levels of heavy metals in canned bonito, sardines, and mackerel produced in Turkey. Biological Trace Element Research, 143(2), 974–982. doi:10.1007/s12011-010-8909-5.
Mol, S. (2011b). Levels of selected trace metals in canned tuna fish produced in Turkey. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 24(1), 66–69. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2010.04.009.
Morgano, M. A., Rabonato, L. C., Milani, R. F., Miyagusku, L., & Balian, S. C. (2011). Assessment of trace elements in fishes of Japanese foods marketed in São Paulo (Brazil). Food Control, 22(5), 778–785. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.11.016.
Olmedo, P., Pla, A., Hernández, A. F., Barbier, F., Ayouni, L., & Gil, F. (2013). Determination of toxic elements (mercury, cadmium, lead, tin and arsenic) in fish and shellfish samples. Risk assessment for the consumers. Environment International, 59, 63–72. doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.05.005.
Panel, E. C. (2009). Scientific opinion on arsenic in food. EFSA Journal, 7(10), 1351. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1351.
Perugini, M., Visciano, P., Manera, M., Zaccaroni, A., Olivieri, V., & Amorena, M. (2014). Heavy metal (As, Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, Se) concentrations in muscle and bone of four commercial fish caught in the Central Adriatic Sea, Italy. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186(4), 2205–2213. doi:10.1007/s10661-013-3530-7.
Pourjafar, H., Ghasemnejad, R., & Noori, N. (2014). Heavy metals content of canned tuna fish marketed in Tabriz, Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 8(1), 9–14. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.09.025.
Topcuoğlu, S., Kırbaşoğlu, Ç., & Güngör, N. (2002). Heavy metals in organisms and sediments from Turkish Coast of the Black Sea, 1997–1998. Environment International, 27(7), 521–526. doi:10.1016/s0160-4120(01)00099-x.
Türkmen, M., Türkmen, A., Tepe, Y., Töre, Y., & Ateş, A. (2009). Determination of metals in fish species from Aegean and Mediterranean seas. Food Chemistry, 113(1), 233–237. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.06.071.
Tuzen, M., & Soylak, M. (2007). Determination of trace metals in canned fish marketed in Turkey. Food Chemistry, 101(4), 1378–1382. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.03.044.
Uluozlu, O. D., Tuzen, M., Mendil, D., & Soylak, M. (2007). Trace metal content in nine species of fish from the Black and Aegean Seas, Turkey. Food Chemistry, 104(2), 835–840. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.01.003.
Wu, X., Gao, M., Wang, L., Luo, Y., Bi, R., Li, L., & Xie, L. (2014). The arsenic content in marketed seafood and associated health risks for the residents of Shandong, China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 102, 168–173. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.01.028.
Yusa, V., Suelves, T., Ruiz-Atienza, L., Cervera, M. L., Benedito, V., & Pastor, A. (2008). Monitoring program on cadmium, lead and mercury in fish and seafood from Valencia, Spain: levels and estimated weekly intake. Food Additives and Contaminants, 1(1), 22–31. doi:10.1080/19393210802236935.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Korkmaz, C., Ay, Ö., Çolakfakioğlu, C. et al. Heavy Metal Levels in Muscle Tissues of Solea solea, Mullus barbatus, and Sardina pilchardus Marketed for Consumption in Mersin, Turkey. Water Air Soil Pollut 228, 315 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3503-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3503-5