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Coal Mine Water Pollution and Ecological Impairment of One of Australia’s Most ‘Protected’ High Conservation-Value Rivers

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution volume 228, Article number: 90 (2017) Cite this article

Abstract

The environmental regulation of a coal mine in the greater Sydney area has failed to recognise the importance of and protect a high conservation-value river located in a World Heritage listed area. This study measured the water quality and ecological health (using macroinvertebrates) of the Wollangambe River and its tributaries near the point of the waste water discharge of a coal mine and assessed the longitudinal impact for 22 km downstream. The investigation revealed two important aspects. The first is the significant impact of the waste water discharge when compared to the otherwise near-pristine condition of the high conservation-value river system. The second is the spatial extent of the pollution from the mine that extends at least 22 km downstream from the outflow of coal mine wastes. The resulting water pollution is causing major impairment of the aquatic ecosystem, with reduced abundance, taxonomic richness and loss of pollution-sensitive macroinvertebrate groups. Water pollution from the mine includes thermal pollution, increased salinity and increased concentrations of zinc and nickel. The mine’s waste discharge also strongly modified the river’s ionic composition. The study also highlights the failure of the regulatory and governance systems that enable the mine to operate in a manner that causes major environmental impacts.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, 2751, Australia

    Ian A. Wright & Nakia Belmer

  2. Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, 2109, NSW, Australia

    Peter J. Davies

Authors
  1. Ian A. Wright
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  2. Nakia Belmer
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  3. Peter J. Davies
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Correspondence to Ian A. Wright.

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Wright, I.A., Belmer, N. & Davies, P.J. Coal Mine Water Pollution and Ecological Impairment of One of Australia’s Most ‘Protected’ High Conservation-Value Rivers. Water Air Soil Pollut 228, 90 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3278-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-017-3278-8

Keywords

  • World heritage
  • Environmental management
  • Freshwater ecosystems
  • Water quality
  • Macroinvertebrates
  • Ionic composition