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Biochemical Responses of Ten Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Isolates to Manganese

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Abstract

Manganese (Mn) is one of the heavy metals that pollute the environment. However, there are still few studies concerning Mn pollution. Our study focused on the ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), an important organism in the forest. We selected ten isolates of EMF, including Pt.2 (Pi solithus tinctorius 2), Cg.1 (Cenococcum geophilum 1), Br (Boletus reticulatus), Sb (Suillus bovinus), Pt.chdx (P. tinctorius chdx), Pt.104 (P. tinctorius 104), Sg (Suillus granulatus), Av (Amanita virgineoides), Sl.1 (Suillus luteus 1), and Sl.chdx (S. luteus chdx), to investigate their responses to Mn stress (0 to 3000 mg L−1) on liquid MMN medium. EMF isolates showed different responses to Mn stress after 60 days growth. According to their growth, they were classified into three groups: sensitive, moderately sensitive, and tolerant. Three isolates showed tolerance to Mn stress. The mycelia of the four sensitive EMF isolates grew slowly along with the increasing Mn level, and the growth was significantly inhibited in 3000 mg L−1 Mn. The accumulation of Mn in EMF mycelium was increased and the secretion of oxalic acid was stimulated by the increasing Mn concentration for all isolates. However, the sensitive isolates secreted significantly more oxalic acid than the tolerant isolates. A scanning electron microscope showed that hyphae were distorted and severely swollen and a transmission electron microscope revealed that Mn enriched in the cytoplasm and organelles of hyphae cells when EMF grew under 3000 mg L−1 Mn stress. In addition, we found that antioxidative enzyme activities, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were higher under the stress of Mn. In conclusion, we identified three isolates (Pt.2, Pt.104, and Br) that showed high Mn tolerance. This might demonstrate the great potential of those EMF in the reforestation of Mn mine lands.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31300525), the Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation (Z111021309) from Northwest A&F University to Dr. Jian Huang, and the Special Fund for Forestry Scientific Research in the Public Interest of China (201404302). We thank Dr. Nara Kazuhide and Dr. Chunlan Lian, the University of Tokyo, gifting the ectomycrrhizal fungal isolates.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China

    Yulin Qi & Nanxing Zhao

  2. College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China

    Jianjun Liu

  3. Key Comprehensive Laboratory of Forest for Shaanxi Province, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China

    Jian Huang

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  1. Yulin Qi
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  2. Nanxing Zhao
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  4. Jian Huang
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Correspondence to Jian Huang.

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Qi, Y., Zhao, N., Liu, J. et al. Biochemical Responses of Ten Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Isolates to Manganese. Water Air Soil Pollut 227, 477 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-3183-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-3183-6

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