Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions onto Surface-Functionalised Polymer Beads. I. Modelling of Equilibrium Isotherms by Using Non-Linear and Linear Regression Analysis

  • Published:
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

An Erratum to this article was published on 14 October 2016

Abstract

Styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer beads with ionic liquid-like functionalities (ILLF) covalently immobilised on the surface were synthesised and used to remove Cd(II) and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The dependence of adsorption behaviour on initial pH and metal ion concentration of solution was established. Higher ILLF content causes improved adsorption performance as ILLF are involved in coordination with metal ions. Experimental data were analysed by several isotherm models using non-linear and linear regressions, the goodness of fit being assessed by various error functions. Langmuir and Temkin models successfully describe Cd(II) and Pb(II) adsorption, respectively, whereas Freundlich model provides the poorest fit for adsorption of the two metal ion species. For a particular isotherm model, the best fit is offered by its non-linear or linear forms or by both of them. The adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) is favourable and spontaneous. The synthesised adsorbents have potential applications in wastewater treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Scheme 1
Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al-Anber, M. A. (2011). Thermodynamics approach in the adsorption of heavy metals. In J. C. Moreno-Piraján (Ed.), Thermodynamics—interaction studies—solids, liquids and gases (pp. 737–764). Rijeka: InTech.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, E. B., & Long, T. E. (2010). Imidazole- and imidazolium-containing polymers for biology and material science applications. Polymer, 51(12), 2447–2454.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Andreani, L., & Rocha, J. D. (2012). Use of ionic liquids in biodiesel production: a review. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 29(1), 1–13.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Annadurai, G., Juang, R. S., & Lee, D. J. (2002). Use of cellulose-based wastes for adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, B92(3), 263–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bhojya Naik, H. S., Chetana, P. R., & Revanasiddappa, H. D. (2002). Synthesis, spectral and thermal degradation kinetics of divalent cadmium complexes of dothiepine and diphenhydramine. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 26(4), 565–572.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilba, D., Moroi, G., & Bilba, N. (2006). Copper (II) and mercury (II) retention properties of a polyacrylamidoxime chelating fiber. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal, 5(3), 297–305.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bilba, D., Bilba, N., & Moroi, G. (2007). Removal of mercury(II) ions from aqueous solutions by the polyacrylamidoxime chelating fiber. Separation Science and Technology, 42(1), 171–184.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bilba, N., Bilba, D., & Moroi, G. (2004). Synthesis of a polyacrylamidoxime chelating fiber and its efficiency in the retention of palladium ions. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 92(6), 3730–3735.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boparai, H. K., Joseph, M., & O’Carroll, D. M. (2011). Kinetics and thermodynamics of cadmium ion removal by adsorption onto nanozerovalent iron particles. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 186(1), 458–465.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Borges, A. S., Dutra, J. D. L., Freire, R. O., Moura, R. T., Jr., Da Silva, J. G., Malta, O. L., Araujo, M. H., & Brito, H. F. (2012). Synthesis and characterization of the europium(III) pentakis(picrate) complexes with imidazolium countercations: structural and photoluminescence study. Inorganic Chemistry, 51(23), 12867–12878.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bradl, H. (2004). Adsorption of heavy metal ions on clays. In P. Somasundaran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of surface and colloid science update supplement (Vol. 5, pp. 35–47). New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burguete, M. I., Erythropel, H., García-Verdugo, E., Luis, S. V., & Sans, V. (2008). Base supported ionic liquid-like phases as catalysts for the batch and continuous-flow Henry reaction. Green Chemistry, 10(4), 401–407.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Casas, J. S., & Sordo, J. (2006). Lead: chemistry, analytical aspects, environmental impact and health effects (1st ed.). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhury, A., & Thynell, S. T. (2006). Confined rapid thermolysis/FTIR/ToF studies of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. Thermochimica Acta, 443(2), 159–172.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Domańska, U., & Rękawek, A. (2009). Extraction of metal ions from aqueous solutions using imidazolium based ionic liquids. Journal of Solution Chemistry, 38(6), 739–751.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dragan, E. S., Dinu, M. V., & Timpu, D. (2010). Preparation and characterization of novel composites based on chitosan and clinoptilolite with enhanced adsorption properties for Cu2+. Bioresource Technology, 101(2), 812–817.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • El Seoud, O. A., Koschella, A., Fidale, L. C., Dorn, S., & Heinze, T. (2007). Applications of ionic liquids in carbohydrate chemistry: a window of opportunities. Biomacromolecules, 8(9), 2629–2647.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fattori, N., Maroneze, C. M., da Costa, L. P., Strauss, M., Sigoli, F. A., Mazali, I. O., & Gushikem, Y. (2012). Ion-exchange properties of imidazolium-grafted SBA-15 toward AuCl4 − anions and their conversion into supported gold nanoparticles. Langmuir, 28(27), 10281–10288.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Foo, K. Y., & Hameed, B. H. (2010). Insights into the modeling of adsorption isotherm systems. Chemical Engineering Journal, 156(1), 2–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Freundlich, H. M. F. (1906). Über die adsorption in lösungen. Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie, 57A, 385–470.

    Google Scholar 

  • García-Verdugo, E., & Luis, S. V. (2009). Flow processes using polymer-supported reagents, scavengers and catalysts. In S. V. Luis & E. García-Verdugo (Eds.), Chemical reactions and processes under flow conditions (pp. 44–85). Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Giles, C. H., MacEwan, T. H., Nakhwa, S. N., & Smith, D. (1960). Studies in adsorption. Part XI. A system of classification of solution adsorption isotherms, and its use in diagnosis of adsorption mechanisms and in measurement of specific surface areas of solids. Journal of the Chemical Society, 3973–3993.

  • Godt, J., Scheidig, F., Grosse-Siestrup, C., Esche, V., Brandenburg, P., Reich, A., & Groneberg, D. A. (2006). The toxicity of cadmium and resulting hazards for human health. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 1(1), 1–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hamdaoui, O., & Naffrechoux, E. (2007). Modeling of adsorption isotherms of phenol and chlorophenols onto granular activated carbon: Part I. Two-parameter models and equations allowing determination of thermodynamic parameters. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147(1–2), 381–394.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Han, D., & Row, K. H. (2010). Recent applications of ionic liquids in separation technology. Molecules, 15(4), 2405–2426.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Handy, S. T. (2011). Applications of ionic liquids in science and technology. Rijeka: In Tech.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Haslam, J., Hamilton, J. B., & Squirell, D. C. M. (1960). The determination of chlorine by the oxygen flask combustion method: a single unit for electrical ignition by remote control and potentiometric titration. Analyst, 85(1013), 556–560.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • He, J., Hong, S., Zhang, L., Gan, F., & Ho, Y. S. (2010). Equilibrium and thermodynamic parameters of adsorption of Methylene Blue onto rectolite. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 19(11a), 2651–2656.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, Y. S., & McKay, G. (1998). Sorption of dye from aqueous solution by peat. Chemical Engineering Journal, 70(2), 115–124.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ho, Y. S., Porter, J. F., & McKay, G. (2002). Equilibrium isotherm studies for the sorption of divalent metal ions onto peat: copper, nickel and lead single component systems. Water Air & Soil Pollution, 141(1–4), 1–33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khlobystov, A. N., Brett, M. T., Blake, A. J., Champness, N. R., Gill, P. M. W., O’Neill, D. P., Teat, S. J., Wilson, C., & Schröder, M. (2003). Stereoselective association of binuclear metallacycles in coordination polymers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 125(22), 6753–6761.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, D. W., & Chi, D. Y. (2004). Polymer-supported ionic liquids: Imidazolium salts as catalysts for nucleophilic substitution reactions including fluorinations. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 43(4), 483–485.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang, X., Li, Z., & Xia, C. (2008). [α-PW12O40]3− immobilized on ionic liquid-modified polymer as a heterogeneous catalyst for alcohol oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. Synthetic Communications, 38(10), 1610–1616.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langmuir, I. (1916). The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids. Part I. Solids. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 38(11), 2221–2295.

  • Li, J., Qi, T., Wang, L., Liu, C., & Zhang, Y. (2007). Synthesis and characterization of imidazole-functionalized SBA-15 as an adsorbent of hexavalent chromium. Materials Letters, 61(14–15), 3197–3200.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, G., Hou, M., Song, J., Zhang, Z., Wu, T., & Han, B. (2010). Ni2+-containing ionic liquid immobilized on silica: effective catalyst for styrene oxidation with H2O2 at solvent-free condition. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, 316(1–2), 90–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McKay, G., Blair, H. S., & Gardener, J. R. (1982). Adsorption of dyes on chitin. I. Equilibrium studies. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 27(8), 3043–3057.

  • McKay, G. (Ed.). (1995). Use of adsorbents for the removal of pollutants from wastewaters. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moroi, G., Bilba, D., & Bilba, N. (2001). Thermal behaviour of palladium complexing polyacrylamidoxime polymer. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 72(3), 525–535.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moroi, G., Bilba, D., & Bilba, N. (2004). Thermal degradation of mercury chelated polyacrylamidoxime. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 84(2), 207–214.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moroi, G., Bilba, D., Bilba, N., & Ciobanu, C. (2006). Thermal behaviour of polyacrylamidoxime-copper chelates. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 91(3), 535–540.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moroi, G. N. (2012). Investigation on structure and properties of cobalt(II)/polyesterurethane metallopolymer films. Journal of Polymer Research, 19(12), 1–10.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nakamoto, K. (2000). Infrared and Raman spectra of inorganic and coordination compounds : Part B: applications in coordination, organometallic, and bioinorganic chemistry (5th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

  • Neagu, V., Avram, E., & Lisa, G. (2010). N-methylimidazolium functionalized strongly basic anion exchanger: synthesis, chemical and thermal stability. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 70(2), 88–97.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okay, O. (2000). Macroporous copolymer networks. Progress in Polymer Science, 25(6), 711–779.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Patrick, L. (2006). Lead toxicity, a review of the literature. Part 1: exposure, evaluation, and treatment. Alternative Medicine Review, 11(1), 2–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scendo, M., & Uznanska, J. (2011). The effect of ionic liquids on the corrosion inhibition of copper in acidic chloride solutions. International Journal of Corrosion, 2011(718626), 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shin, J. Y., Jung, Y. R., Kim, S. J., & Lee, S. G. (2011). Supported Pd nanocatalysts onto ionic silica-coated magnetic particles for catalysis in ionic liquids. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 32(8), 3105–3108.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sigel, A., Sigel, H., & Sigel, R. K. O. (2013). Cadmium: from toxicity to essentiality. Dordrecht: Springer.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Subramanyam, B., & Das, A. (2009). Linearized and non-linearized isotherm models comparative study on adsorption of aqueous phenol solution in soil. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 6(4), 633–640.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Temkin, M. I. (1941). Adsorption equilibrium and the kinetics of processes on nonhomogeneous surfaces and in the interaction between adsorbed molecules. Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 15, 296–332.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van Doorslaer, C., Wahlen, J., Mertens, P., Binnemans, K., & De Vos, D. (2010). Immobilization of molecular catalysts in supported ionic liquid phases. Dalton Transactions, 39, 8377–8390.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wan, S. Y., Fan, J., Okamura, T., Zhu, H. F., Ouyang, X. M., Sun, W. Y., & Ueyama, N. (2002). 2D 4.82 Network with threefold parallel interpenetration from nanometer-sized tripodal ligand and lead(II) nitrate. Chemical Communications, (21), 2520–2521.

  • Wang, X., Wan, H., Han, M., Gao, L., & Guan, G. (2012). Removal of thiophene and its derivatives from model gasoline using polymer-supported metal chlorides ionic liquid moieties. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 51(8), 3418–3424.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wasewar, K. L. (2010). Adsorption of metals onto tea factory waste: a review. International Journal of Research and Reviews in Applied Sciences, 3(3), 303–322.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan, J., & Antonietti, M. (2011). Poly(ionic liquid)s: polymers expanding classical property profiles. Polymer, 52(7), 1469–1482.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zafar, M. N., Nadeem, R., & Hanif, M. A. (2007). Biosorption of nickel from protonated rice bran. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 143(1–2), 478–485.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, L., Guo, L., Zhang, Z., Chen, J., & Zhang, S. (2012). The preparation of supported ionic liquids (SILs) and their application in rare metals separation. Science China Chemistry, 55(8), 1479–1487.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zumdahl, S. S. (1986). Chemistry. Lexington: D. C. Heath and Company.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Polyaddition and Photochemistry, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry “Petru Poni”, Romanian Academy, Iaşi, 700487, Romania

    Gabriela-Nicoleta Moroi

  2. Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry “Petru Poni”, Romanian Academy, Iaşi, 700487, Romania

    Ecaterina Avram

  3. Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, Technical University “Gh. Asachi”, Iaşi, 700050, Romania

    Laura Bulgariu

Authors
  1. Gabriela-Nicoleta Moroi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ecaterina Avram
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Laura Bulgariu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gabriela-Nicoleta Moroi.

Additional information

An erratum to this article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2996-7.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Moroi, GN., Avram, E. & Bulgariu, L. Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions onto Surface-Functionalised Polymer Beads. I. Modelling of Equilibrium Isotherms by Using Non-Linear and Linear Regression Analysis. Water Air Soil Pollut 227, 260 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2953-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2953-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation