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Impacts of Initial Fertilizers and Irrigation Systems on Paddy Methanogens and Methane Emission

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Abstract

Methane production by methanogenic microbes under anaerobic condition is affected by the types of fertilizers, which determine carbon availability, used in rice fields. In addition, irrigation management controls oxygen availability in soil. Thus, irrigation management and types of fertilizers are major driving forces for methane emission in rice fields. While these factors affect paddy microbial communities over the course of cultivation, little is known about the effects of fertilizers and irrigation conditions on initial paddy microbial communities. In this study, we investigated the initial impacts of fertilizers and irrigation systems on paddy microbial communities and methane emission. At early stages of rice cultivation (2 weeks after transplanting 15-day-old rice seedlings), a high amount of methane was emitted from rice fertilized with swine manure. In addition, pre-transplantation flooding increased methane emission by 30 %. Although these conditions did not affect the overall paddy soil microbial communities, 126 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found to be significantly more abundant in paddy soils fertilized with swine manure. These OTUs included archaeal methanogenic species and bacterial substrate providers for biomethane production. Shared-OTU analysis with swine fecal microbial communities indicated swine manure as the origin of key methane-producing microbes. In conclusion, the applications of swine manure and permanent flooding irrigation introduce active methane producers and enhance methane emission, respectively, and should therefore be avoided.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Dr. Kenneth Widmer for the helpful comments and editing the manuscript. This work was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korean government (MOST) (No. 2013R1A1A1008910) and International Environmental Analysis and Education Center operating United Nations University and Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology Joint Programme on Science and Technology for Sustainability in 2013, and Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED- No 105.09-2011.21).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju, 690-756, Republic of Korea

    Son G. Nguyen, Robin B. Guevarra, Jungman Kim & Tatsuya Unno

  2. Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Son G. Nguyen

  3. Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Cuong T. Ho

  4. Institute for Agricultural Environment, Phu Do, South Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Mai V. Trinh

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  1. Son G. Nguyen
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  2. Robin B. Guevarra
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Correspondence to Tatsuya Unno.

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Nguyen, S.G., Guevarra, R.B., Kim, J. et al. Impacts of Initial Fertilizers and Irrigation Systems on Paddy Methanogens and Methane Emission. Water Air Soil Pollut 226, 309 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-015-2501-8

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