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Evaluation of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water Contamination Along Croatian Highways by Multivariate Exploratory Analysis

Water, Air, & Soil Pollution volume 225, Article number: 2083 (2014) Cite this article

Abstract

In the research, in this paper, we investigate spatial and temporal variations in the composition of wastewater near Croatian highways in three climatic regions (continental, Mediterranean, highland) during three seasons (autumn, winter and spring). In our paper, the spatial division of the investigated areas that pertain to the three aforementioned climatic regions was obtained using the method of hierarchical clustering of monitored locations. One thousand five hundred thirty-three samples from 14 locations along Croatian highways were collected and analysed by methods of multivariate exploratory analysis. By methods of principal components, factor analysis and hierarchical clustering of variables, we grouped the variables into factors. Whereas 60 % of variation in the data was explained by three principal components, six principal components accounted for 88 % of data variation. The key section of our research was conducted by the decision tree method. For the purpose of analysis, we classified 1,533 samples into three classes representing climatic regions separately for each season and obtained the accuracy of 76–90 % on test samples. Finally, using decision trees, we identified the most important variables that differentiate climatic regions by the level of contamination of water along highways in different seasons.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Hrvatske Autoceste (Croatian Highways) for their permission allowance to use data for the purpose of scientific research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Organization and Informatics, University of Zagreb, 2 Pavlinska Street, 42 000, Varazdin, Croatia

    Jasminka Dobsa

  2. Bioinstitute Ltd, 7 Rudolf Steiner Street, 40 000, Cakovec, Croatia

    Vesna Meznaric, Teuta Tompic, Sasa Legen & Silvija Zeman

Authors
  1. Jasminka Dobsa
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  2. Vesna Meznaric
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  3. Teuta Tompic
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  4. Sasa Legen
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  5. Silvija Zeman
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Correspondence to Jasminka Dobsa.

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Dobsa, J., Meznaric, V., Tompic, T. et al. Evaluation of Spatial and Temporal Variation in Water Contamination Along Croatian Highways by Multivariate Exploratory Analysis. Water Air Soil Pollut 225, 2083 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-2083-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-2083-x

Keywords

  • Highway
  • Water contamination
  • Hierarchical clustering
  • Principal components
  • Factor analysis
  • Decision tree