Abstract
We present the study of atrazine, the pesticide separation using the typical thin film composite (TFC) membranes, made up of polyamide formation between m-phenylenediamine (MPDA) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) on the polysulfone membrane matrix. The unreacted acyl moieties in TFC membranes are chiefly responsible for the preferential rejection of bivalent counter ion (SO4 =) due to their residual charges compared to monovalent (Cl−) ion. These two low-pressure-driven membranes show the similar trend as salt and organic markers. Changing the feed matrix is also an interesting direction to improve the performance apart from choosing the membrane. This approach sheds light on the separation behaviour with the addition of biosurfactant. Biosurfactant-mediated filtration showed better performance of the membranes, though it depends on the nature of membranes. The membranes having more porous (in terms of organic markers) structure showed improvement in separation of atrazine. The increase in separation 20.29 % is observed for 200 mg/L biosurfactant for Memb-I, whereas 13.81 % increase is observed for Memb-II.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asai, S., Majumdar, S., Gupta, A., Kargupta, K., & Ganguly, S. (2009). Dynamics and pattern formation in thermally induced phase separation of polymer–solvent system. Computational Material Science, 47, 193–205.
Azari, S., Karimi, M., & Kish, M. H. (2010). Structural properties of the poly(acrylonitrile) membrane prepared with different cast thicknesses. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 49, 2442–2448.
Banat, I. M., Makkar, R. S., & Cameotra, S. S. (2000). Potential commercial applications of microbial surfactants. Applied Microbiology Biotechnology, 53, 495–508.
Banat, I. M., Franzetti, A., Gandolfi, I., Bestetti, G., Martinotti, M. G., Fracchaia, L., et al. (2010). Microbial biosurfactants production, applications and future potential. Applied Microbiology Biotechnology, 87, 427–444.
Bhattacharya, A., & Ghosh, P. (2004). Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membrane: theory and application in separation of electrolytes. Reviews in Chemical Engineering, 20(1–2), 111–180.
Bhattacharya, A. (2006). Remediation of pesticides polluted waters through membranes. Separation and Purification Reviews, 35, 1–38.
Bhattacharya, A., Ray, P., Brahmbhatt, H., Vyas, K. N., Joshi, S. V., Devmurari, C. V., et al. (2006b). Pesticides removal performance by low-pressure reverse osmosis membranes. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 102, 3575–3579.
Blanco, J. F., Sublet, J., Nguyen, Q. T., & Schaetzel, P. (2006). Formation and morphology studies of different polysulfones-based membranes made by wet phase inversion process. Journal of Membrane Science, 283, 27–37.
Cadotte, J. E. & Peterson R. J. in: A. F. Turbak (Ed). (1981). Thin film composite reverse osmosis membranes: origin, development, and recent advances in: Synthetic Membranes vol-1, Desalination, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
Cammoetra, S. S., & Bollag, J. M. (2003). Biosurfactant enhanced bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Critical Review Environmental Science and Technology, 30, 111–126.
Glater, J. (1998). The early history of reverse osmosis membrane development. Desalination, 117, 297–309.
Jain, R. M., Mody, K., Mishra, A., & Jha, B. (2012). Physicochemical characterization of biosurfactant and its potential to remove oil from soil and cotton cloth. Carbohydrate Polymers, 89(4), 1110–1116.
Kapantaidakis, G. C., Koops, G. H., & Wessling, M. (2002). Effect of spinning conditions on the structure and the gas permeation properties of high flux polyethersulfone—polyimide blend hollow fibers. Desalination, 144, 121–125.
Kiso, Y., Nishimura, Y., Kitao, T., & Nishimura, K. (2000). Rejection properties of non-phenylic pesticides with nanofiltration membranes. Journal of Membrane Science, 171, 229–237.
Kosaric, N. (1992). Biosurfactants in industry. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 64, 1731–1737.
Morgan, P. W. (1965). Condensation polymers: by interfacial and solution methods. NY: Interscience Publishers.
Singh, A., Van Hamme, J. D., & Ward, O. P. (2007). Surfactants in microbiology and biotechnology: part 2. Applications aspects. Biotechnology Advances, 25, 99–121.
Van Hamme, J. D., Singh, A., & Ward, O. P. (2006). Surfactants in microbiology and biotechnology: part I. Physiological aspects. Biotechnology Advances, 24, 604–620.
Whang, L. M., Liu, P. W. G., Ma, C. C., & Cheng, S. S. (2008). Application of biosurfactant, rhamnolipid, and surfactin, for enhanced biodegradation of diesel-contaminated water and soil. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 151, 155–163.
Yogesh, Popat, K. M., Brahmbhatt, H., Ganguly, B., & Bhattacharya, A. (2008). Pentachlorophenol removal from water using surfactant enhanced filtration through low pressure reverse osmosis membranes. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 154, 426–431.
Zhang, Y., Van der Bruggen, B., Chen, G. X., Braeken, L., & Vanecasteele, C. (2004). Removal of pesticides by nanofiltration: effect of the water matrix. Separation and Purification Technology, 38(2), 163–172.
Zhao, W., Su, Y., Li, C., Shi, Q., Ning, X., & Jiang, Z. (2008). Fabrication of antifouling polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes using Pluronic F127 as both surface modifier and pore-forming agent. Journal of Membrane Science, 318, 405–412.
Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the Department of Science and Technology (Science and Engineering Research Board, India) for research support and the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Saxena, M., Jain, R.M., Brahmbhatt, H. et al. Biosurfactant in Membrane Separation of Atrazine from Water. Water Air Soil Pollut 225, 1942 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-1942-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-014-1942-9