Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Application of a Two-Site Ideal Model for the Prediction of As–SO4–Cl Ion Exchange Equilibria

  • Published:
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ion exchange processes are effective for the removal of arsenic (As) from drinking water. However, the As uptake capacity of ion exchange resins is affected by the presence of other anions such as sulphates and nitrates. As these ions are typically found in groundwater, the design of ion exchange process aimed at removing As from groundwater may be affected by their presence. Therefore, to properly design an ion exchange process for As removal, it is important to characterise the ion exchange equilibria of As in solution in the presence of competing anions. This paper was aimed at obtaining a deeper understanding of the binary equilibria of As(V)Cl− and SO4 2−/Cl− and of the ternary equilibria of As(V)/SO4 2−/Cl−. To this purpose, a series of batch tests were carried out at different values of the total solution normality. These data were combined with those obtained through continuous flow column tests performed to collect equilibrium data over the entire ionic fraction domain. The equilibrium data were then described using two different models based on the assumption of ideal behaviour of both the liquid and the adsorbed phases: in the first model the resin was considered to have only one type of binding-sites, where two types of binding sites were assumed by the second model, named double-selectivity model. Among these two models, the latter provided the best fitting of binary equilibrium data for both As chlorides and sulphate chlorides systems. However, the same model was unable to fit the experimental data of As in the ternary system As(V)/SO4 2−/Cl− with a satisfactory agreement probably due to the presence of non-ideality which the model did not account for.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

As:

Arsenic

As(V):

Pentavalent arsenic

As(III):

Trivalent arsenic

DVB:

Divinylbenzene

IE:

Ion exchange

C i :

Concentration of ith ion in solution phase (milliequivalents per litre)

K :

Thermodynamic equilibrium constant

K j :

Thermodynamic equilibrium constant for functional groups of type j

K j, i :

Thermodynamic equilibrium constant between ion i and reference counterion for functional groups of type j

\( \overline{K} \) :

Average value of equilibrium constant distribution

N :

Total concentration or normality of the solution phase (milliequivalents per litre)

N f :

Number of types of functional groups

r j :

Fraction of functional groups of type j

q i :

Concentration of ith ion in the resin phase (milliequivalents per gramme)

q j, i :

Concentration of ith ion on functional groups of type j (milliequivalents per gramme)

q 0 :

Total ion exchange capacity (milliequivalents per gramme)

q 0, j :

Ion exchange capacity of functional groups of type j (milliequivalents per gramme)

X i :

Ionic fraction of ith ion in the solution phase

Y i :

Ionic fraction of ith ion in the resin phase

Y j, i :

Ionic fraction of ith ion in the resin phase on functional groups of type j

Q :

Separation factor

References

  • American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation. (1998). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (19th ed.). Washington, DC: American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Awual, M. R., & Jyo, A. (2009). Rapid column-mode removal of arsenate from water by crosslinked poly(allylamine) resin. Water Research, 43, 1229–1236.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Awual, M. R., Urata, S., Jyo, A., Tamada, M., & Katakai, A. (2008). Arsenate removal from water by a weak-base anion exchange fibrous adsorbent. Water Research, 42, 689–696.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Awual, M. R., Shenashen, M. A., Yaita, T., Shiwaku, H., & Jyo, A. (2012). Efficient arsenic(V) removal from water by ligand exchange fibrous adsorbent. Water Research, 46, 5541–5550.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baciocchi, R., Chiavola, A., & Gavasci, R. (2005). Ion exchange equilibria of arsenic in the presence of high sulphate and nitrate concentrations. Water Science and Technology-Water Supply, 5(5), 67–74.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bissen, M., Veillard Baron, M. M., Shindelin, A. J., & Frimmel, F. H. (2001). TiO2-catalyzed photooxidation of arsenite to arsenate in aqueous samples. Chemosphere, 44, 751–757.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bricio, O., Coca, J., & Sastre, H. (1993). Equilibrium isotherms for Amberlite 200 in concentrated solutions. In 6th Mediterranean Congress on Chemical Engineering, Expoquimia '93, P-1.1.03.

  • Bricio, O. J., Coca, J., & Sastre, H. (1998). Modelling equilibrium isotherms for styrene-divinylbenzene ion exchange resins. Chemical Engineering Science, 53(7), 1465–1467.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Choong, T. S. Y., Chuah, T. G., Robiah, Y., Koay, F. L. G., & Azni, I. (2007). Arsenic toxicity, health hazards and removal techniques from water: an overview. Desalination, 217, 139–166.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cumbal, L., & SenGupta, A. K. (2005). Arsenic removal using polymer-supported hydrated iron(III) oxide nanoparticles: role of Donnan membrane effect. Environmental Science and Technology, 39, 6508–6515.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ghurye, G. L., Clifford, D. A., & Tripp, A. R. (1999). Combined arsenic and nitrate removal by ion exchange. Journal of American Water Works Association, 91(10), 85–96.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Helferrich, F. (1962). Ion Exchange. New York (USA): McGraw-Hill, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, I. L., & Carta, G. (1993). Ion exchange of amino acids and dipeptides on cation resins with varying degree of cross-linking. 1. Equilibrium. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 32, 107–117.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, K., & Benjamin, M. M. (2004). Modeling a novel ion exchange for arsenic and nitrate removal. Water Research, 38, 2053–2062.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melis, S., Cao, G., & Morbidelli, M. (1995). A new model for the simulation of ion exchange equilibria. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 34, 3916–3924.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Melis, S., Markos, J., Cao, G., & Morbidellli, M. (1996). Multicomponent equilibria on ion-exchange resins. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 117, 281–288.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, A. L., & Byington, S. (1986). Thermodynamics of ion exchange: Prediction of multicomponent equilibria from binary data (In A. E. Rodrigues (Ed.), Ion Exchange Science and Technology (pp 119–145). NATO ASI Series E N° 107). Dordrecht: The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ncibi, M. C. (2008). Applicability of some statistical tools to predict optimum adsorption isotherm after linear and non-linear regression analysis. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 153, 207–212.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pepe, F., Caputo, D., & Colella, C. (2003). The double selectivity model for the description of ion-exchange equilibria in zeolites. Industrial &Engineering Chemistry Research, 42, 1093–1097.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma, V. K., & Sohn, M. (2009). Aquatic arsenic: toxicity, speciation, transformations, and remediation. Environment International, 35, 743–759.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smedley, P. L., & Kinniburgh, D. G. (2002). A review of the source, behaviour and distribution of arsenic in natural waters. Applied Geochemistry, 17, 517–568.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • United States Environmental Protection Agency (2003) Arsenic Treatment Technology Evaluation Handbook for Small Systems. Office of Water (4606 M) EPA 816-R-03-014.

  • Viaraghavan, T., Subramanian, K. S., & Aruldoss, J. A. (1999). Arsenic in drinking water problems and solutions. Water Science Technology, 40(2), 69–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wheaton, R. M., & Bauman, W. C. (1951). Properties of strongly basic anion exchange resins. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 43(5), 1088–1093.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Ambientale, University of Rome Sapienza, Via Eudossiana, 18, 00184, Rome, Italy

    Agostina Chiavola & Emilio D’Amato

  2. Laboratorio di Ingegneria Ambientale, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Ingegneria Informatica, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico, 1, 00133, Rome, Italy

    Renato Baciocchi

Authors
  1. Agostina Chiavola
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Renato Baciocchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Emilio D’Amato
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Agostina Chiavola.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chiavola, A., Baciocchi, R. & D’Amato, E. Application of a Two-Site Ideal Model for the Prediction of As–SO4–Cl Ion Exchange Equilibria. Water Air Soil Pollut 225, 1810 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1810-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1810-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation