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Effect of Inorganic Salt Mixtures on Phenol Mineralization by Photo-Fenton-Analysis via an Experimental Design

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Abstract

Effluents of resin production, petrochemicals, refineries, paper mills, and iron foundry industries may present high concentrations of phenol. The high toxicity, solubility, and stability of phenolic compounds hamper the treatment of this wastewater by conventional methods. In this work, the effect of inorganic ion mixtures, such as chloride, nitrate, sulfate, carbonate, and monophosphate on the phenol mineralization by the photo-Fenton process, was investigated. The kinetic of phenol mineralization was monitored with the analysis of total organic carbon. Two experimental designs were employed to evaluate the influence of inorganic ions on mineralization efficiency: fractional experimental design and central composite rotatable design (CCRD). The pollutant degradation reached 100 % at 60 min in the absence of salts, but in a saline medium, this value was reduced to 10 %. The sequence of the inhibitory effect was H2PO4 − ≫ Cl− > SO4 2− > NO3 − ≈ CO3 2. The statistical data analysis showed that the phosphate and chloride ion concentrations were studied variables and statistically significant on the mineralization process. The analysis of variance showed: (1) good fit between the observed and prediction values for fractional experiment design and CCRD and (2) according to Fisher distribution, the models that were obtained were considered significant and predictive.

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Acknowledgments

The Brazilian financial support that was provided by ANP (Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis), Petrobrás S.A., CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), CNPq (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico), and INCT of Environmental Studies (Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia de Estudos do Meio Ambiente) is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, NUPEG, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, 59072-970, Brazil

    Syllos Santos da Silva, Osvaldo Chiavone-Filho & Eduardo L. de Barros Neto

  2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil

    Edson Luiz Foletto

  3. Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Federal University of Rural Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, 59625-900, Brazil

    André Luís N. Mota

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  1. Syllos Santos da Silva
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  2. Osvaldo Chiavone-Filho
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  3. Eduardo L. de Barros Neto
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  4. Edson Luiz Foletto
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  5. André Luís N. Mota
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Correspondence to Edson Luiz Foletto.

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Santos da Silva, S., Chiavone-Filho, O., de Barros Neto, E.L. et al. Effect of Inorganic Salt Mixtures on Phenol Mineralization by Photo-Fenton-Analysis via an Experimental Design. Water Air Soil Pollut 225, 1784 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1784-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-013-1784-x

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