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Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of Methylene Blue Adsorption by Pine Tree Leaves

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Abstract

The adsorption capacity of pine tree leaves for removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was investigated in a batch system. The effects of the process variables, such as solution pH, contact time, initial dye concentration, amount of adsorbent, agitation speed, salt concentration, and system temperature on the adsorption process were studied. The extent of methylene blue dye adsorption increased with increase in initial dye concentration, contact time, agitation speed, temperature, and solution pH but decreased with increased in amount of adsorbent and salt concentration. Equilibrium data were best described by both Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich adsorption isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of pine tree leaves biomass was 126.58 mg/g at 30 °C. The value of separation factor, R L , from Langmuir equation and Freundlich constant, n, both give an indication of favorable adsorption. The intrapartical diffusion model, liquid film diffusion model, double exponential model, pseudo-first and second order model were used to describe the kinetic and mechanism of adsorption process. A single stage bath adsorber design for the MB adsorption onto pine tree leaves has been presented based on the Langmuir isotherm model equation. Thermodynamic parameters such as standard Gibbs free energy (ΔG 0), standard enthalpy (ΔH 0), and standard entropy (ΔS 0) were calculated.

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Abbreviations

A :

Activation energy of adsorption (kilojoules per mole)

C f :

Final MB concentration parts per million (milligrams per liter)

C 0 :

Initial MB concentration parts per million (milligrams per liter)

C t :

MB concentration at time t parts per million (milligrams per liter)

D :

Diffusion coefficient (cubic centimeter per second)

ΔG 0 :

Gibbs free energy change (kilojoules per mole)

ΔH 0 :

Enthalpy change (kilojoules per mole)

ΔS 0 :

Entropy change (Joules per kilogram mole)

k 1 :

Pseudo-first order rate constant (per minute)

k 2 :

Pseudo-second order rate constant (milligrams per gram per minute)

K f :

Freundlich adsorption constant (milligrams per gram)

M :

Mass of adsorbent per unit volume (grams per liter)

m :

Amount of adsorbent added (grams)

n :

Freundlich constant

q :

Amount of adsorbate per gram of adsorbent (milligrams per gram)

q e :

Amount of adsorbate per gram of adsorbent at equilibrium (milligrams per gram)

q t :

Amount of adsorbate per gram of adsorbent at any time t

q m :

Equilibrium adsorption capacity using model

q max :

Maximum adsorption capacity (milligrams per gram)

R 2 :

Linear correlation coefficient

R L :

Separation factor

r 0 :

Radius of adsorbent particle (centimeter)

t :

Time (minute)

T :

Temperature (Kelvin)

V :

Volume of the solution (milliliter)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, GPO Box U1987, 6545, Bentley, WA, Australia

    Mustafa T. Yagub, Tushar Kanti Sen & H. M. Ang

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  1. Mustafa T. Yagub
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  2. Tushar Kanti Sen
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  3. H. M. Ang
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Correspondence to Tushar Kanti Sen.

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Yagub, M.T., Sen, T.K. & Ang, H.M. Equilibrium, Kinetics, and Thermodynamics of Methylene Blue Adsorption by Pine Tree Leaves. Water Air Soil Pollut 223, 5267–5282 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1277-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-012-1277-3

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