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Availability and Accumulation of Arsenic in Oilseeds Grown in Contaminated Soils

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Abstract

Arsenic occurs in the earth's crust in various chemical forms as a result of both natural and anthropogenic sources. Soil chemical extractions may help understand As availability, as well as the possibility of As entry into the food chain. Phytoextraction has been proposed as a technology for remediation of As-contaminated soils. The study was carried out to assess the bioavailability of As by extractants and to compare the performance of castor bean and sunflower for As removal from soils. Two soils were contaminated with Na2HAsO4.7H2O adding 35 and 150 mg As dm−3 soil. Arsenic availability was assessed using the following extractants: tri-distilled water, ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium oxalate + oxalic acid, organic acids mixture, Mehlich-1, and United States Environmental Protection Agency 3051. The roots and shoots of 35-day-old plants were collected and dry matter yield as well as As concentration were determined. The accumulation of As in shoot was also calculated in order to evaluate the plants potential for As phytoextraction. The extractants tested were efficient to assess the concentration of available As in soil. Addition of As to the soils did not cause severe toxicity in plants, although the dose 150 mg As dm−3 soil decreased shoot and root yield in both species. Castor bean was less sensitive to As than sunflower, but none of the species had hyperaccumulation characteristics. These species can be used for revegetation of areas contaminated with As up to safe limit of 150 mg As dm−3 soil, as proposed by CONAMA for industrial areas in Brazil.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to CNPq for providing scholarships to the authors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering and the Environment, Federal University of Paraíba, Rio Tinto, Paraíba, Brazil, CEP-58297-000

    Évio E. C. Melo

  2. Department of Soil Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, CEP 37200-000

    Luiz R. G. Guilherme & H. G. V. Penha

  3. Department of Agronomy, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil, CEP 52171-900

    Clistenes W. A. Nascimento

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  1. Évio E. C. Melo
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  2. Luiz R. G. Guilherme
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  3. Clistenes W. A. Nascimento
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  4. H. G. V. Penha
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Correspondence to Clistenes W. A. Nascimento.

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Melo, É.E.C., Guilherme, L.R.G., Nascimento, C.W.A. et al. Availability and Accumulation of Arsenic in Oilseeds Grown in Contaminated Soils. Water Air Soil Pollut 223, 233–240 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0853-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-011-0853-2

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