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Wet and Dry Deposition Fluxes of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in an Urban Area of Turkey

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Abstract

Atmospheric polychlorinated bihenyls (PCBs) deposit by dry and wet deposition mechanisms, and therefore they constitute a significant polluting source for lands and surface waters. Various samplers have been used to determine the PCB pollution level resulting from deposition. In the presented study, a modified wet deposition sampler (WDS) was used for sampling both wet and dry deposition samples with the same instrument by which wet deposition reservoir of the WDS is opened and dry deposition reservoir is closed when rain starts. Wet and dry deposition samples were collected between June 2008 and June 2009. In the samples taken from BUTAL which is known as an urban area with heavy traffic, ∑PCB dry deposition fluxes were determined as 18 ± 10 ng/m2 −day, and wet deposition fluxes for dissolved and particle phase were measured as 480 ± 1,185 and 475 ± 1,000 ng/m2 −day, respectively. The dissolved and particle-phase PCB concentrations in rain were 10 ± 13 and 13 ± 14 ng/l, respectively. The contribution of wet deposition to total PCB deposition was determined as 52%. PCB concentrations in the ambient air were measured to be 370 ± 200 and 20 ± 20 pg/m3 for gas and particle phases, respectively. Washout ratio was determined by proportioning rain concentration to concentration in air. The washout ratios of the samples were between 1,675–311,800 and 12,775–2,511,120 for dissolved and particulate phases, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

This study is supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK Project no: 107Y165). We are grateful to Dr. S. Sıddık Cindoruk for GC–ECD analysis (Uludag University, Environmental Engineering Department). We also extended our thanks to Askın Birgül and Aslan Karademir for their help during the sampling and laboratory studies. We also thank the TUBITAK-BUTAL management for their permission to take the samples from their field.

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  1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Uludag University, 16059, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey

    Manolya Günindi

  2. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34220, Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey

    Yücel Tasdemir

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  1. Manolya Günindi
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  2. Yücel Tasdemir
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Correspondence to Yücel Tasdemir.

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Günindi, M., Tasdemir, Y. Wet and Dry Deposition Fluxes of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in an Urban Area of Turkey. Water Air Soil Pollut 215, 427–439 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0488-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0488-8

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