Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ion Mobilisation and Transport Through Cement Mortars Blended With Thermally Activated Paper Sludge in Natural Climatic Conditions

  • Published:
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One of the problems to affect Portland cement matrices is low resistance to aggressive agents, due principally to the presence of a high content of portlandite in the hydrated cements. Pozzolanic materials have, for decades, played an important role in improving the durability of cement-based materials. This work studies the behaviour of cement mortar matrices blended with 10% calcined paper sludge (source for metakaolin, MK) and exposed to different environmental conditions (marine and tableland environments). The results obtained using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analyser techniques show that the ions present speed of different penetration as well as various phases and/compounds in the matrices following exposure over 1 year.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anstice, D. J., Page, C. L., & Page, M. M. (2005). The pore solution phase of carbonated cement pastes. Cement and Concrete Research, 35(3), 377–383. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.06.041.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boddy, A., Hooton, R. D., & Gruber, K. A. (2001). Long-term testing of the chloride penetration resistance of concrete containing high reactivity metakaolin. Cement and Concrete Research, 31(5), 759–765. doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(01)00492-6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caré, S. (2008). Effect of temperature on porosity and on chloride diffusion in cement pastes. Construction and Building Materials, 22, 1560–1573. doi:10.1016/j. conbuildmat. 2007.03.018.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, N. J., & Page, C. L. (1997). Aspect of the pore solution chemistry of hydrated cement pastes containing metakaolin. Cement and Concrete Research, 27(1), 147–154. doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(96)00184-6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Costa, A., & Appleton, J. (1999). Chloride penetration into concrete in marine environment—Part II: Prediction of long term chloride penetration. Materials and Structures, 32, 354–359. doi:10.1007/BF02479627.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fidalgo Hijano, C., Petit Domínguez, M. D., García Giménez, R., Hungría Sánchez, P., & Sancho García, I. (2005). Higher plants as bioindicator of sulphur dioxide emissions in urban environments. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 111(1–3), 75–88. doi:10.1007/s10661-005-8140-6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frías, M., Sánchez de Rojas, M. I., Rodríguez, O., García, R., & Vigil, R. (2008a). Characterization of calcined paper sludge as an environmental friendly source of metakaolin for manufacture of cementitious materials. Advances in Cement Research, 20(1), 23–30. doi:10.1680/adcr.2008.20.1.23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Frías, M., Rodríguez, O., Vegas, I., & Vigil, R. (2008b). Properties of calcined clay wastes and its influence on blended cement behaviour. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 91(4), 126–1230. doi:10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02289.x.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • García, R., Vigil de la Villa, R., Vegas, I., Frías, M., & Sánchez de Rojas, M. I. (2008). Pozzolanic properties of paper sludge waste. Construction & Building Materials, 22(7), 1484–1490. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2007.03.033.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Glass, G. K., Hassanein, N. M., & Buenfeld, N. R. (1997). Neural network modeling of chloride binding. Magazine of Concrete Research, 49(181), 323–335.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Govindaraju, K. (1994). Compilation of working values and sample description for 383 geostandards. Geostandards Newsletter.

  • Han, S. H. (2007). Influence of diffusion coefficient on chloride ion penetration of concrete structure. Construction & Building Materials, 21, 370–378. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.08.011.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kakali, G., Kasselouri, V., & Parissakis, G. (1990). Investigation of the effect of Mo, Nb, W and Zr oxides on the formation of Portland cement clinker. Cement and Concrete Research, 20(1), 131–138. doi:10.1016/0008-8846(90)90123-F.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mc Polin, D., Basheer, P. A. M., Long, A. E., Grattan, K. T. V., & Sun, T. (2005). Obtaining progressive chloride profiles in cementitious materials. Construction & Building Materials, 19, 666–673. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.02.015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mejía Gutierrez, R., & Talero, R. (2001). Una nueva puzolana para materiales cementicios de elevadas prestaciones. Materiales de Construcción, 50(260), 21–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penttala, V. (2006). Surface and internal deterioration of concrete due to saline and non-saline freeze-thaw loads. Cement and Concrete Research, 36, 921–928. doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.10.007.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polder, R. (2002). Characterization of chloride transport and reinforcement corrosion in concrete under cyclic wetting and drying by electrical resistivity. Cement and Concrete Composites, 24, 427–435. doi:10.1016/S0958-9465(01)00074-9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pressi, M., Geyskens, P., & Monteiro, P. J. M. (1996). Reliability approach to service life prediction of concrete exposed to marine environment. ACI Materials Journal, 93(6), 554–562.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy, D. M., Jiang, W., & Silsbee, M. R. (2000). Chloride diffusion in ordinary, blended and alkali-activated cement pastes and its relation to other properties. Cement and Concrete Research, 30, 1879–1884. doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(00)00406-3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schueremans, L., Van Gemert, D., & Giessler, S. (2007). Chloride penetration in RC-structures in marine environment. Long term assessment of a preventive hydrophobic treatment. Construction & Building Materials, 21, 1238–1249. doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.05.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schultz, L. G. (1964). Quantitative interpretation of the mineralogical composition from X-ray and chemical data for the Pierre Shale. US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 391C.

  • Shah, M. N., Shaheen, N., Jaffar, M., Khalique, A., Tariq, S. R., & Manzoor, S. (2006). Spatial variations in selected metal contents and particle size distribution in an urban and rural atmosphere of Islamabad, Pakistan. Journal of Environmental Management, 78, 128–137. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.04.011.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Temiz, H., & Karakeci, A. Y. (2002). An investigation on microstructure of cement paste containing fly ash and silica fume. Cement and Concrete Research, 32(7), 1131–1132. doi:10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00749-4.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vigil de la Villa, R., Frías, M., Sánchez de Rojas, M. I., Vegas, I., & García, R. (2007). Mineralogical and morphological changes of calcined paper sludge at different temperatures and stays in furnace. Applied Clay Science, 36, 279–286. doi:10.1016/j.clay.2006.10.001.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wall, H., & Nilsson, L. O. (2009). A study on sampling methods for chloride profiles: Simulations using data from EPA. Materials and Structures. doi:10.1617/s11527-007-9325.

  • Wietek, B., & Kunz, E. G.(1996). Permanent monitoring for reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. CMS Gmbh-A-6073 Innsbruck-Sistrans, Austria.

Download references

Acknowledgements

The present study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under research project (CTM2006-12551-CO3-01/02). The Authors also wish to thank Holmen Paper Madrid, S.L. and Spanish Institute of Cement and their Applications (IECA) for their collaborations in this project.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Geología y Geoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma, 28049, Madrid, Spain

    R. García Giménez & R. Vigil de la Villa

  2. LABEIN-Tecnalia, 48160, Derio, Bizkaia, Spain

    I. Vegas

  3. Instituto Eduardo Torroja (CSIC), c/ Serrano Galvache, 4, 28033, Madrid, Spain

    M. Frías

Authors
  1. R. García Giménez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. I. Vegas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. R. Vigil de la Villa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. M. Frías
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. García Giménez.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

García Giménez, R., Vegas, I., Vigil de la Villa, R. et al. Ion Mobilisation and Transport Through Cement Mortars Blended With Thermally Activated Paper Sludge in Natural Climatic Conditions. Water Air Soil Pollut 203, 39–52 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-9990-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-9990-2

Keywords

Search

Navigation