Abstract
To examine the concentration of Mg, P, S, K and Ca in agricultural crops growing under changing conditions, plant material was collected from an adequate number of cultivated targets (lysimeter trial) and finally analysed by means of wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. The investigations were focused on the evaluation of each 16 grassland and 16 arable land used lysimeters on the other hand. The measurement uncertainty of the method used (including the analytical and sampling components) was estimated by means of the duplicate method. Based on the evaluation of the accumulated data pool, the minimum detectable concentration difference for the individual analytes was estimated. In the framework of the fitness for purpose concept, the present study particularly aimed at the estimation of minimum sample size in consideration of a commonly accepted decision limit and detection capability, given by an error I probability α = 0.05 and an error II probability β = 0.05, respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Dehouck, P., Heyden, Y. V., Smeyers-Verbeke, J., Massart, D. L., Crommen, J., Hubert, P., et al. (2003). Determination of uncertainty in analytical measurements from collaborative study results on the analysis of a phenoxymethylpenicillin sample. Analytica Chimica Acta, 481, 261–272.
EURACHEM/CITAC Guide. (2000). Quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurement, 2nd ed. Final Draft, April 2000. EURACHEM:http://www.measurementuncertainty.org.
Godlinski, F., Leinweber, P., Meissner, R., & Seeger, J. (2004). Phosphorus status of soil and leaching losses: Results from operating and dismantled lysimeters after 15 experimental years. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems, 68, 47–57.
ISO 11648-1. (2003). Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials, Part 1: General principles I (draft).
Leinweber, P., Meissner, R., Eckhardt, K.-U., & Seeger, J. (1999). Management effects on forms of phosphorus in soil and leaching losses. European Journal of Soil Science, 50, 413–424.
Lyn, J. A., Palestra, I. M., Ramsey, M. H., Damant, A. P., & Wood, R. (2007a). Modifying uncertainty from sampling to achieve fitness for purpose: A case study on nitrate in lettuce. Accreditation and Quality Assurance, 12, 67–74.
Lyn, A. L., Ramsey, M. H., St Coad, D., Damant, A. P., Wood, R., & Boon, K. A. (2007b). The duplicate method of uncertainty estimation: Are eight targets enough? Analyst, 132, 1147–1152.
Massart, D. L., Vandeginste, B. G. M., Buydens, L. M. C., De Jong, S., Lewi, P. J., & Smeyers-Verbeke, J. (1997). Handbook of chemometrics and qualimetrics, part A (pp. 171–230). Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Meissner, R., Seeger, J., & Rupp, H. (2002). Effects of agricultural land use changes on diffuse pollution of water resources. Irrigation and Drainage, 51, 119–127.
Ramsey, M. H., & Argyraki, A. (1997). Estimation of measurement uncertainty from field sampling: Implications for the classification of contaminated land. Science of the Total Environment, 198, 243–257.
Ramsey, M. H., & Ellison,S. L. R. (Eds.) (2007). Eurachem/Eurolab/CITAC/Nordtest/AMC Guide: Estimation of measurement uncertainty arising from sampling.
Satterthwaite, F. E. (1946). An approximate distribution of estimates of variance components. Biometrics Bulletin, 2, 110–114.
Thompson, M., & Maguire, M. (1993). Estimating and using sample precision in surveys of trace constituents of soils. Analyst, 118, 1107–1110.
Wennrich, R., Mroczek, A., Dittrich, K., & Werner, G. (1995). Determination of non-metals using ICP-AES techniques. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 352, 461–469.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Morgenstern, P., Brüggemann, L., Meissner, R. et al. Capability of a XRF Method for Monitoring the Content of the Macronutrients Mg, P, S, K and Ca in Agricultural Crops. Water Air Soil Pollut 209, 315–322 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0200-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0200-z