Abstract
This work investigates the solar heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of three commercial acid dyes: Blue 9 (C.I. 42090), Red 51 (C.I. 45430), and Yellow 23 (C.I. 19140). TiO2 P25 from Degussa was used as the photocatalyst. The dyes were completely degraded within 120 min of treatment in the following increasing order of removal rate: Blue 9 < Yellow 23 < Red 51. The photocatalytic color removal process was well described by a two-first-order in-series reaction, followed by another first-order reaction. Photolytic experiments showed that this process is quite inefficient and highly selective towards Red 51 only. The dyes' solution was completely decolorized and organic matter removals up to 99% were achieved with photocatalysis. The lack of selectivity and the possibility of using solar light to excite the photocatalyst are promising results regarding the feasibility of this technology.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alsolaiman, M. M., & Howard, L. (2003). FD&C blue dye no. 1 and blue nail discoloration: Case report. Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 19(4), 395–396. doi:10.1016/S0899-9007(02)00994-2.
Aziz, A. H. A., Shouman, S. A., Attia, A. S., & Saad, S. F. (1997). A study on the reproductive toxicity of erythrosine in male mice. Pharmacological Research, 35(5), 457–462. doi:10.1006/phrs.1997.0158.
Chang, D. J., Chen, I. P., Chen, M. T., & Lin, S. S. (2003). Wet air oxidation of a reactive dye solution using CoAlPO4 5- and CeO2 catalysts. Chemosphere, 52(6), 943–949.
Chin, P., & Ollis, D. F. (2007). Decolorization of organic dyes on Pilkington Activ (TM) photocatalytic glass. Catalysis Today, 123(1–4), 177–188. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2007.01.069.
Degussa (1990). Degussa Technical Bulletin Pigments. Highly dispersed metallic oxides produced by the AEROSIL® process.
Doushita, K., & Kawahara, T. (2001). Evaluation of photocatalytic activity by dye decomposition. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, 22(1–2), 91–98. doi:10.1023/A:1011220505116.
Figueiredo, A. M., Andrade, P. R., & Azevedo, E. B. (2004). Abstracts of the 13a Semana de Iniciação Científica. Rio de Janeiro: UERJ.
Folha Online (2007). Folha Online homepage. http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/tempo/br-resende.shtml. Accessed 14 July 2007.
GESTE-PROMEC (2007a). http://www.solar.ufrgs.br/#radiasol. Accessed 14 July 2007.
GESTE-PROMEC (2007b). http://www.solar.ufrgs.br/#espectro. Accessed 14 July 2007.
Gonçalves, M. S. T., Oliveira-Campos, A. M. F., Pinto, E. M. M. S., Plasência, P. M. S., & Queiroz, M. J. R. P. (1999). Photochemical treatment of solutions of azo dyes containing TiO2. Chemosphere, 39(5), 781–786. doi:10.1016/S0045-6535(99)00013-2.
Groten, J. P., Butler, W., Feron, V. J., Kozianowski, G., Renwick, A. C., & Walker, R. (2000). An analysis of the possibility for health implications of joint actions and interactions between food additives. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 31(1), 77–91. doi:10.1006/rtph.1999.1356.
Guaratini, C. C. I., & Zanoni, M. V. B. (2000). Textile dyes. Química Nova, 23(1), 71–78. doi:10.1590/S0100-40422000000100013.
Hagfeldt, A., & Grätzel, M. (1995). Light-induced redox reactions in nanocrystalline systems. Chemical Reviews, 95(1), 49–68. doi:10.1021/cr00033a003.
Hasnat, M. A., Uddin, M. M., Samed, A. J. F., Alam, S. S., & Hossain, S. J. (2007). Adsorption and photocatalytic decolorization of a synthetic dye erythrosine on anatase TiO2 and ZnO surfaces. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 147(1–2), 471–477. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.01.040.
Hess, E. V. (2002). Environmental chemicals and autoimmune disease: cause and effect. Toxicology, 181, 65–70. doi:10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00256-1.
Hoffmann, M. R., Martin, S. T., Choi, W. Y., & Bahnemann, D. W. (1995). Environmental applications of semiconductor photocatalysis. Chemical Reviews, 95(1), 69–96. doi:10.1021/cr00033a004.
Hsueh, C. L., Huang, Y. H., Wang, C. C., & Chen, C. Y. (2005). Degradation of azo dyes using low iron concentration of Fenton and Fenton-like system. Chemosphere, 58(10), 1409–1414. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.091.
Julson, A. J., & Ollis, D. F. (2006). Kinetics of dye decolorization in an air–solid system. Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 65(3–4), 315–325. doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2005.12.021.
Lachheb, H., Puzenat, E., Houas, A., Ksibi, M., Elaloui, E., Guillard, C., & Herrmann, J. M. (2002). Photocatalytic degradation of various types of dyes (Alizarin S, Crocein Orange G, Methyl Red, Congo Red, Methylene Blue). Applied Catalysis B Environmental, 39(1), 75–90. doi:10.1016/S0926-3373(02)00078-4.
Linsebigler, A. L., Lu, G. Q., & Yates, J. T. (1995). Photocatalysis on TiO2 surfaces—principles, mechanisms, and selected results. Chemical Reviews, 95(3), 735–758. doi:10.1021/cr00035a013.
Liu, H. L., & Chiou, Y. R. (2005). Optimal decolorization efficiency of reactive red 239 by UV/TiO2 photocatalytic process coupled with response surface methodology. Chemical Engineering Journal, 112(1–3), 173–179. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2005.07.012.
Meriç, S., Kaptan, D., & Ölmez, T. (2004). Color and COD removal from wastewater containing Reactive Black 5 using Fenton's oxidation process. Chemosphere, 54(3), 435–441. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.08.010.
Muruganandham, M., & Swaminathan, M. (2006). Photocatalytic decolourization and degradation of reactive orange 4 by TiO2-UV process. Dyes and Pigments, 63(2–3), 133–142. doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2005.01.004.
Rao, K. V. S., Lavédrine, B., & Boule, P. (2003). Influence of metallic species on TiO2 for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes and dye intermediates. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A Chemistry, 154(2–3), 189–193. doi:10.1016/S1010-6030(02)00299-X.
Sasaki, Y. F., Kawaguchi, S., Kamaya, A., Ohshita, M., Kabasawa, K., Iwama, K., Taniguchi, K., & Tsuda, S. (2002). The comet assay with 8 mouse organs: results with 39 currently used food additives. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, 519(1–2), 103–119. doi:10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00128-6.
Stafford, U., Gray, K. A., & Kamat, P. V. (1996). Photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants: Halophenols and related model compounds. Heterogeneous Chemistry Reviews, 3(2), 77–104. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1234-985X(199606)3:2<77::AID-HCR49>3.0.CO;2-M.
Tanaka, K., Padermpole, K., & Hisanaga, T. (2000). Photocatalytic degradation of commercial azo dyes. Water Research, 34(1), 327–333. doi:10.1016/S0043r-1354(99)00093r-7.
Tarasov, V. V., Barancova, G. S., Zaitsev, N. K., & Dongxiang, Z. (2003). Photochemical Photocherical kinetics of organic dye oxidation in water. Process Safety and Environmental Proterction, 81(B4), 243–249. doi:10.1205/095758203322299761.
Uddin, M. M., Hasnat, M. A., Samed, A. J. F., & Majumdar, R. K. (2007). Influence of TiO2 and ZnO photocatalysts on adsorption and degradation behaviour of erythrosine. Dyes and Pigments, 75(1), 207–212. doi:10.1016/j.dyepig.2006.04.023.
Vinodgopal, K., Wynkoop, D. E., & Kamat, P. V. (1996). Environmental photochemistry on semiconductor surfaces: Photosensitized degradation of a textile azo dye, acid orange 7, on TiO2 particles using visible light. Environmental Science & Technology, 30(5), 1660–1666. doi:10.1021/es950655d.
Wang, Y. Z. (2000). Solar photocatalytic degradation of eight commercial dyes in TiO2 suspension. Water Research, 34(3), 990–994. doi:10.1016/S0043r-1354(99)00210rr-9.
Zhang, F., Zhao, J., Zang, L., Shen, T., Hidaka, H., Pelizzetti, E., & Serpone, N. (1997). Photoassisted degradation of dye pollutant in aqueous TiO2 dispersions under irradiation by visible light. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A Chemical, 120(1–3), 173–178. doi:10.1016/S1381-1169(96)00405-r-0.
Acknowledgments
The authors want to thank FAPERJ for financial support and Degussa for providing the photocatalyst.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dias, M.G., Azevedo, E.B. Photocatalytic Decolorization of Commercial Acid Dyes using Solar Irradiation. Water Air Soil Pollut 204, 79–87 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0028-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-009-0028-6