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Using EEFM (Excitation Emission Fluorescence Matrix) to Differentiate the Organic Properties of the Effluents from the Ozonated Biofilters

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Abstract

This study conducted a two-stage experiment. The first stage attempted to establish biostable filter beds. Two parameters, total bacterial count (TBC) and non-purgeable dissolved carbon (NPDOC), measured by passing through a 0.2 μm membrane filter, were selected to compare the difference of biostability of a filtration system with recirculation with different O3-to-NPDOC ratios of filtered water. The excitation emission fluorescence matrix (EEFM) was used as an effective tool for understanding information regarding organic characteristics by comparing source filtered water before and after ozonation and the effluent during biostablizing filter. During the second stage, a biostable filter was used to compare differences in biodegradability of ozonated products sodium oxalate and sodium acetate. Experimental results demonstrate that both parameters, NPDOC removal and TBC, can be utilized to evaluate the biostabilty of a filter bed. With each parameter, a plateau was reached in roughly 20 days. The source water from Chen Ching Lake (CCL) contained a protein-like substance determined by the EEFM. This protein-like substance was also destroyed by O3/NPDOC = 1.1. Soluble microbial products (SMPs) released from the biostablizing filter into the effluent have two peaks in the EEFM, identified as protein-like and humic-like acid. The NPDOC removal for the biostabilizing filter using O3/NPDOC = 1.7 was less than that using O3/NPDOC = 1.1. Bacterial counts in the effluent from the biostabilizing filter using O3/NPDOC = 1.1 was better than that of O3/NPDOC = 1.7. This difference can be explained by the high ratio of O3/NPDOC producing by-products of ozonation that were easily utilized by microorganisms; however, filter bed also released relatively more SMPs owing to increased proliferation of microorganisms attached to glass pellets in the filter. Regarding the differences in decomposition of the by-products of ozonation by the biostable filter, such as sodium oxalate, the NPDOC removal at O3/NPDOC = 1.1 was better than that at O3/DOC = 1.7. This phenomenon can be explained as previously mentioned.

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Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank the National Science Council of the Republic of China, Taiwan, for financially supporting this research under Contract No. NSC92-2211-E-127-01 and NSC93-2211-E-127-01) for their 2 years’ sponsorship to complete this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Environmental Resources Management, Tajen University, No.20, Wei-Shin Rd., Shin-Er Tsun, Yan-Pu Hsiang, Pingtung 907, Taiwan, ROC

    Wen-Liang Lai, Shao-Wei Liao & Shu-Lin Hsu

  2. College of Liberal Education, Shu-Te University, 59, Hengshan Rd., Yenchao, Kaohsiung County, 8245, Taiwan, ROC

    Lih-Fu Chen

  3. Department of Occupation and Hygiene, Tajen University, No.20, Wei-Shin Rd., Shin-Er Tsun, Yan-Pu Hsiang, Pingtung 907, Taiwan, ROC

    Li-Ho Tseng

  4. Department of Nursing, Tajen University, No. 20, Wei-Shin Rd., Shi-Er Tsun, Yan-Pu Hsiang, Pingtung, 907, Taiwan, ROC

    Chang-Ling Miaw

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  1. Wen-Liang Lai
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  2. Lih-Fu Chen
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Correspondence to Wen-Liang Lai.

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Lai, WL., Chen, LF., Liao, SW. et al. Using EEFM (Excitation Emission Fluorescence Matrix) to Differentiate the Organic Properties of the Effluents from the Ozonated Biofilters. Water Air Soil Pollut 186, 43–53 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9461-6

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