Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Foliar, Physiologial and Growth Responses of Four Maple Species Exposed to Ozone

  • Published:
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The effects of ozone in four maple species, Acer campestre, A. opalus subsp. granatense, A. monspessulanum and A. pseudoplatanus were studied in OTC under two different experimental conditions: in charcoal filtered air (CF), and in non filtered air plus 30 ppb ozone (NF+30). The four species of maple showed contrasting sensitivity to ozone as demonstrated by visible injury development, gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence, and growth measurements. Plant injury index (i.e. a combination of percentage of injured leaves and leaf surface affected) was more consistently related with physiological measurements than the onset of first symptom of visible injury. Differences in ozone sensitivity among species may be partly related to higher stomatal conductances in A. opalus and A. pseudoplatanus. In these two species, ozone produced significant reductions in CO2 assimilation under saturating light conditions (A sat), stomatal conductance (g s), transpiration rate (T r) and Water Use Efficiency (WUE) (the latter also significantly declined in A. campestre) towards the end of summer, while intercellular CO2 concentrations (C i) increased significantly. In asymptomatic leaves of A. opalus, neither stomatal limitation nor photoinhibitory damage (F v/F m) could explain the observed decline of A sat, and photosynthesis was down regulated by reducing the proportion of absorbed energy used in photochemistry (Φ PSII) at expenses of the energy dispersed non-photochemically (NPQ). Leaf N content also declined significantly in A. pseudoplatanus. Plants exposed to ozone showed a tendency to decrease growth, but it was not significant within the exposure period for any of the four species. The most sensitive species were A. opalus and A. pseudoplatanus, while the species with the smallest and more coriaceous leaves, A. monspessulanum, was the most resistant.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

A sat :

light saturated CO2 assimilation

AOT40:

accumulated exposure over threshold 40 ppb

C i :

intercellular CO2 concentrations

CSTR:

Continuously Stirred Tank Reactors

DSF:

days after starting of fumigation

Φ exc :

quantum efficiency of excitation capture by oxidized reaction centers of PSII

Φ PSII :

quantum yield of electron transfer at PSII

F m :

maximum fluorescence

\( F^{\prime }_{{\text{m}}} \) :

maximum fluorescence in the light adapted state

F o :

minimal fluorescence

\( F^{\prime }_{{\text{o}}} \) :

minimum fluorescence in the light-adapted state

F s :

modulated fluorescence yield at steady state

Fv/Fm:

maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) primary photochemistry

g s :

stomatal conductance to water vapor

NPQ:

quenching due to non-photochemical dissipation of absorved light energy

OTC:

open top chamber

PPFD:

photosynthetic photon flux density

q p :

coefficient for photochemical quenching.

RHGR:

relative height growth rate

Tr:

transpiration rate

VPD:

leaf-to-air water vapor pressure deficit

WUE:

water Use Efficiency, calculated as A sat/T r

References

  • Ashmore, M. R. (2005). Assessing the future global impacts of ozone vegetation. Plant, Cell and Environment, 28, 949–964.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baier, M., Kandlbinder, A., Golldack, D., & Dietz, K.-J. (2005). Oxidative stress and ozone: Perception, signalling and response. Plant, Cell and Environment, 28, 1012–1020.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baker, T. R., Allen, H. L., Schoeneberger, M. M., & Kress, L. W. (1994). Nutritional response of loblolly pine exposed to ozone and simulated acid rain. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 24, 453–461.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barnes, J. D., Balaguer, L., Manrique, E., Elvira, S., & Davison, A. W. (1992). A reappraisal of the use of DMSO for the extraction and determination of chlorophylls a and b in lichens and higher plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 32, 85–100.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Black, V. J., Black, C. R., Roberts, J. A., & Stewart, C. A. (2000). Impact of ozone on the reproductive development of plants. Tansley Review for New Phytologist, 147, 421–447.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brendley, B. W., & Pell, E. J. (1998). Ozone-induced changes in biosynthesis of Rubisco and associated compensation to stress in foliage of hybrid poplar. Tree Physiology, 18, 81–90.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bussotti, F., Agati, G., Desotgiu, R., Matteini, P., & Tani, C. (2005). Ozone foliar symptoms in woody plant species assessed with ultrastructural and fluorescence analysis. New Phytologist, 166, 941–955.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bussotti, F., & Ferretti, M. (1998). Air pollution, forest condition and forest declines in southern europe. An overview. Environmental Pollution, 101, 49–65.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cabezudo, B., & Talavera, S. (coordinators) (2005). Lista roja de la flora vascular de Andalucía. Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla, 83 p.

  • Calatayud, A., Iglesias, D., Talón, M., & Barreno, E. (2003). Effects of 2-month ozone exposure in spinach leaves on photosynthesis, antioxidant systems and lipid peroxidation. Plant Physiology & Biochemistry, 41, 839–845.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chappelka, A. H., & Chevone, B. I. (1992). Tree responses to ozone. In A. S. Lefohn (Ed.), Surface-level ozone exposures and their effects on vegetation (pp. 271–324). Chelsea, MI: Lewis.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chappelka, A. H., & Samuelson, L. J. (1998). Ambient ozone effects on forest trees of the eastern United States: A review. New Phytologist, 139, 91–108.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dann, M. S., & Pell, E. J. (1989). Decline of activity and quantity of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and net photosynthesis in ozone-treated potato foliage. Plant Physiology, 91, 427–432.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Kok, L. J., & Tausz, M. (2001). The role of glutathione in plant reaction and adaptation to air pollutants. In D. Grill, M. Tausz, & L. J. De Kok (Eds.), Significance of glutathione to plant adaptation to the environment (pp. 185–208). Amsterdam: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • de Vries, W., Reinds, G. J., Posh, M., Sanz, M. J., Krause, G., Calatayud, V., et al. (2003). Intensive monitoring of forest ecosystems in Europe, 2003. Technical Report. EC-UN/ECE, Brussels, Geneva (ISSN 1020-6078).

  • Enyedi, A. J., Eckardt, N. A., & Pell, E. J. (1992). Activity of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from potato cultivars with differential response to ozone stress. New Phytologist, 122, 493–500.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EU European Union (2002). Directive 2002/3/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 February 2002 relating to ozone in ambient air. Official Journal of the European Communities, L 67/14–30.

  • Evans, G. C. (1972). The quantitative analysis of plant growth. Studies in Ecology 1. Great Britain: Blackwell, 734 p.

  • Ferretti, M., Bussotti, F., & Calderesi, M. (2004). Ozone, defoliation, of beech (Fagus sylvatica) an visible foliar symptoms on native plants on selected plots of South-Western Europe. In M. Ferretti, M.-J. Sanz, & M. Schaub (Eds.), O 3 SWE-ozone and the forests of South-West Europeern. Final Report (pp. 111–140). Jointly prepared by Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Italia; Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, Dirección General para la Biodiversidad, España; Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft – WSL, Schweiz; Office National des Forêts, France.

  • Ferretti, M., Calderisi, M., & Bussotti, F. (2007). Ozone exposure, defoliation of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and visible foliar symptoms on native plants in selected plots of South-western Europe. Environmental Pollution, 145, 644–651.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fiscus, E. L., Booker, F. L., & Burkey, K. O. (2005). Crop responses to ozone: Uptake, modes of action, carbon assimilation and partitioning. Plant, Cell and Environment, 28, 997–1011.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, D., Cape, J. N., Coyle, M., Flechard, C., Kuylenstierna, J., Hicks, K., et al. (1999). The global exposure of forests to air pollutants. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 116, 5–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaucher, C., Costanzo, N., Afif, D., Mauffette, Y., Chevrier, N. & Dizengremel, P. (2003). The impact of elevated ozone and carbon dioxide on young Acer saccharum seedlings. Physiologia Plantarum, 117, 392–402.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Genty, B., Briantais, J. M., & Baker, N. R. (1989). The relationship between the quantum yield of photosynthetic electron transport and quenching of Chl fluorescence. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 990, 87–92.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gravano, E., Bussotti, F., Strasser, R. J., Schaub, M., Novak, K., Skelly, K., et al. (2004). Ozone symptoms in leaves of woody plants in open-top chambers: Ultrastructural and physiological characteristics. Physiologia Plantarum, 121, 620–633.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guidi, L., Di Cagno, R., & Soldatini, G. F. (2000). Screening of bean cultivars for their response to ozone as evaluated by visible symptoms and leaf chlorophyll fluorescence. Environmental Pollution, 107, 349–355.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Guidi, L., Nali, C., Ciompi, S., Lorenzini, G., & Franco, G. (1997). The use of chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf gas exchange as methods for studying the different responses to ozone of two bean cultivars. Journal of Experimental Botany, 48, 173–179.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Günthardt-Goerg, M. S., McQuattie, C. J., Scheidegger, C., Rhiner, C., & Matyssek, R. (1997). Ozone-induced cytochemical and ultra-structural changes in leaf mesophyll cell walls. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 27, 453–463.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heath, R. L. (1987). The biochemistry of ozone attack on the plasma membrane of plant cells. In J. A. Saunders, L. Kosak-Channing, & E. E. Conn (Eds.), Recent advances in phytochemistry. Phytochemical effects of environmental compounds (pp. 29–54). New York, NY: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heath, R. L., & Taylor, G. E., Jr. (1997). Physiological processes and plant responses to ozone exposure. In H. Sandermann, A. R. Wellburn, & R. L. Heath (Eds.), Forest Decline and Ozone: A comparison of controlled chamber and field experiments. Ecological Studies 127 (pp. 317–368). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hörtensteiner, S., & Feller, U. (2002). Nitrogen metabolism and remobilization during senescence. Journal of Experimental Botany, 53, 927–937.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Innes, J. L., Skelly, J. M., & Schaub, M. (2001). Ozone and broadleaved species. A guide to the identification of ozone-induced foliar injury. [Ozon, Laubholz- und Krautpflanzen. Ein Führer zum Bestimmen von Ozonsymptomen]. Haupt, Bern, Stuttgart, Wien.

  • IPCC (2001) Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report. Geneva, Switzerland: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.

  • Jensen, K. F. (1973). Response of nine forest tree species to chronic ozone fumigation. Plant Disease Reporter, 57, 914–917.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jensen, K. F. (1983). Growth relationship in silver maple fumigated with O3 and SO2. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 13, 298–302.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kangasjärvi, J., Talvinen, J., Utriainen, M., & Karjalainen, R. (1994). Plant defense systems induced by ozone: Commissioned Review. Plant, Cell and Environment, 17, 783–794.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karnosky, D. F., Zak, D., Pregnitzer, K., Awmack, C., Bockheim, J., Dickson, R., et al. (2003). Tropospheric O3 moderates responses of temperate hardwood forests to elevated CO2: A synthesis of molecular to ecosystem results from the Aspen FACE project. Functional Ecology, 17, 289–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kersteins, G., & Lendzian, K. J. (1989). Interactions between ozone and plant cuticules 1. Ozone deposition and permeability. New Phytologist, 112, 13–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keutgen, A. J., Noga, G., & Pawelzik, E. (2005) Cultivar-specific impairment of strawberry growth, photosynthesis, carbohydrate and nitrogen accumulation by ozone. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 53, 271–280.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • King, J. S., Kubiske, M. E., Pregitzer, K. S., Hendrey, G. R., McDonald, E. P., Giardina, C. P., et al. (2005). Tropospheric O3 compromises net primary production in young stands of trembling aspen, paper birch and sugar maple in response to elevated atmospheric CO2. New Phytologist, 168, 623–635.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kress, L. W., & Skelly, J. M. (1982). Response of several eastern forest trees to chronic doses of ozone and nitrogen dioxide. Plant Disease, 66, 1149–1152.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krupa, S., & Manning, W. J. (1988). Atmospheric ozone: Formation and effects on vegetation. Environmental Pollution, 50, 101–137.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krupa, S., McGrath, M. T., Andersen, C. P., Booker, F. L., Burkey, K. O., Chappelka, A. H., et al. (2001). Ambient ozone and plant health. Plant Disease, 85, 5–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindroth, R. L., Kopper, B. J., Parsons, F. J., Bockheim, J. G., Karnosky, D. F., Hendrey, G. R., et al. (2002). Consequences of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone for foliar chemical composition and dynamics in trembling ozone for foliar chemical composition and dynamics in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) and paper birch (Betula papyrifera). Environmental Pollution, 115, 395–404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lorenzini, G., Guidi, L., Nali, C., & Soldatini, G. F. (1999). Quenching analysis in poplar clones exposed to ozone. Tree Physiology, 19, 607–612.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matyssek, R., Bytnerowicz, A., Karlsson, P.-E., Paoletti, E., Sanz, M. J., Schaub, M., et al. (2007) Promoting the O3 flux concept for European forest trees. Environmental Pollution, 146, 587–607.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matyssek, R., & Innes, J. L. (1999). Ozone – a risk factor for trees and forests in Europe?. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, 116, 199–226.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Matyssek, R., Reich, P., Oren, R., & Winner, R. E. (1995). Response mechanisms of conifers to air pollutants. In W. K. Smith & T. M. Hinckley (Eds.), Ecophysiology of coniferous forests (pp. 255–308). San Diego: Academic.

    Google Scholar 

  • Matyssek, R., Wieser, G., Nunn, A. J., Kozovits, A. R., Reiter, I. M., Heerdt, C., et al. (2004). Comparison between AOT40 and ozone uptake in forest trees of different species, age and site conditions. Atmospheric Environment, 38, 2271–2281.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mehlhorn, H., Tabner, B. J., & Wellburn, A. R. (1990). Electron spin resonance: Evidence for the formation of free radicals in plants exposed to ozone. Physiologia Plantarum, 79, 377–383.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mikkelsen, T. N. (1995). Physiological responses of Fagus sylvatica L. exposed to low levels of ozone in open-top chambers. Trees, 9, 355–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mikkelsen, T. N., Dodell, B., & Lutz, C. (1995). Changes in pigment concentration and composition in Norway spruce induced by long-term exposure to low levels of ozone. Environmental Pollution, 87, 197–205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mikkelsen, T. N., & Heide-Jørgensen, H. S. (1996). Acceleration of leaf senescence in Fagus sylvatica L. by low levels of tropospheric ozone demonstrated by leaf colour, chlorophyll fluorescence and chloroplast ultrastructure. Trees, 10, 145–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Millán, M. M., Mantilla, E., Salvador, R., Carratalá, A., Sanz, M. J., Alonso, L., et al. (2000). Ozone cycles in the Western Mediterranean Basin: Interpretation of monitoring data in complex coastal terrain. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 39, 487–508.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Millán, M. M., Salvador, R., Mantilla, E., & Kallos, G. (1997). Photo-oxidant dynamics in the Mediterranean Basin in summer: Results from European research projects. Journal of Geophysical Research, 102(D7), 8811–8823.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mills (2004). Mapping critical levels for vegetation. In: UNECE Convention on Long-rate Transboundary Air Pollution. Manual on Methodologies and Criteria for Modelling and Mapping Critical Loads and Levels and Air Pollution Effects, Risks and Trends. Retrieved from http://www.oekodata.com/icpmapping/.

  • Musselmann, R. C., & Massmann, W. J. (1999) Ozone flux to vegetation and its relationship to plant response and ambient air quality standards. Atmospheric Environment, 33, 65–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Novak, K., Schaub, M., Fuhrer, J., Skelly, J. M., Hug, C., & Landolt, W. (2005). Seasonal trends in reduced leaf gas exchange and ozone-induced foliar injury in three ozone sensitive woody plant species. Environmental Pollution, 136, 33–45.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Novak, K., Skelly, J. M., Schaub, M., Kräuchi, N., Hug, C. & Landolt, W. (2003). Ozone air pollution and foliar injury development on native plants of Switzerland. Environmental Pollution, 125, 41–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Orendovici, T., Skelly, J. M., Ferdinand, J. A., Savage, J. E., Sanz, M. J., & Smith, G. C. (2003). Response of native plants of northeastern United States and southern Spain to ozone exposures; determining exposure/response relationships. Environmental Pollution, 125, 31–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paoletti, E. (2006). Impact of ozone on Mediterranean forests: A review. Environmental Pollution, 144, 463–474.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paoletti, E., & Grulke, N. E. (2005). Does living in elevated CO2 ameliorate tree response to ozone? A review on stomatal responses. Environmental Pollution, 137, 483–493.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pell, E. J., Eckardt, N., & Glick, R. E. (1994). Biochemical and molecular basis for the impairment of photosynthetic potential. Photosynthesis Research, 39, 453–462.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pell, E. J., Schlagnhaufer, C. D., & Arteca, R. N. (1997). Ozone-induced oxidative stress: Mechanisms of action and reaction. Physiologia Plantarum, 100, 264–273.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pleijel, H., Skärby, L., Ojanperä, K., & Selldén, G. (1994). Exposure of oats, Avena sativa L. to filtered and unfiltered air in open-top chambers: Effects on grain yield and quality. Environmental Pollution, 86, 129–134.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reddy, G. N., Aeteca, R. N., Dai, Y. R., Flores, H. E., Negram, F. B., & Pell, E. J. (1993). Changes in ethylene and polyamines in relation to mRNA levels of the large and small subunits of ribulose biphosphate/oxygenase in ozone-stressed potato foliage. Plant, Cell and Environment, 120, 819–826.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reich, P. B. (1987). Quantifying plant response to ozone: A unifying theory. Tree Physiology, 3, 63–91.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reich, P. B., & Amudson, R. G. (1985). Ambient levels of ozone reduce net photosynthesis in tree and crop species. Science, 230, 566–570.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reich, P. B., Schoettle, A. W., & Amudson, R. G. (1986). Effects of O3 and acidic rain on photosynthesis and growth in sugar maple and northern red oak seedlings. Environmental Pollution, 40, 1–15.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reich, P. B., Schoettle, A. W., Stroo, H. F., & Amundson, R. G. (1988). Effects of ozone and acid rain on white pine (Pinus strobus) seedlings grown in five soils. III. Nutrient relations. Canadian Journal of Botany, 66, 1517–1531.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reichenauer, T. G., & Bolhàr-Nordenkampf, H. R. (1999). Mechanisms of impairment of the photosynthetic apparatus in intact leaves by ozone. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 54c, 824–829.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reig-Armiñana, J., Calatayud, V., Cerveró, J., García-Breijo, F. J., Ibars, A., & Sanz, M. J. (2004). Effects of ozone on the foliar histology of the mastic plant (Pistacia lentiscus L.). Environmental Pollution, 132, 321–331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Runeckles, V. C., & Chevone, B. I. (1992). Crop responses to ozone. In A. S. Lefohn (Ed.), Surface level ozone exposures and their effects on vegetation (pp. 189–270). Chelsea, MI: Lewis

    Google Scholar 

  • Saitanis, C. J., Riga-Karandinos, A. N., & Karandinos, M. G. (2001). Effects of ozone on chlorophyll and quantum yield of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) varieties. Chemosphere, 42, 909–917.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, L. J., & Kelly, J. M. (1997). Ozone uptake in Prunus serotina, Acer rubrum and Quercus rubra forest trees of different sizes. New Phytologist, 136, 255–264.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Samuelson, L. J., Kelly, J. M., Mays, P. A., & Edwards, G. S. (1996). Growth and nutrition of Quercus rubra L. seedlings and mature trees after three seasons of ozone exposure. Environmental Pollution, 91, 317–323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanz, M. J., & Millán, M. (1998). The dynamics of aged air mases and ozone in the western Mediterranean: Relevance to forest ecosystems. Chemosphere, 98, 1089–1094.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanz, M. J., Sánchez, G., Calatayud, V., Minaya, M. T., & Cerveró, J. (2001). La contaminación atmosférica en los bosques. Guía para la identificación de daños visibles causados por ozono. Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales, 163 p.

  • Sanz, M. J., Calatayud, V., & Sanchez, G. (2007a). Measures of ozone concentrations using passive sampling in forests of South Western Europe. Environmental Pollution, 145, 620–628.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sanz, M. J., Sanz, F., Calatayud, V., Sánchez-Peña, G. (2007b). Ozone in Spain’s National Parks and Protected Forests. TheScientificWorldJOURNAL 21, 67–77.

  • Schaub, M., Skelly, J. M., Steiner, K. C., Davis, D. D., Pennypacker, S. P., Zhang, J., et al. (2003). Physiological and foliar injury responses of Prunus serotina, Fraxinus americana and Acer rubrum seedlings to varying soil moisture and ozone. Environmental Pollution, 124, 307–320.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Scherzer, A. J., Rebbeck, J., & Boerner, R. E. J. (1998). Foliar nitrogen dynamics and decomposition of yellow-poplar and eastern white pine during four seasons of exposure to elevated ozone and carbon dioxide. Forest Ecology and Management, 109, 355–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schier, G. A. (1990). Response of yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) seedlings to simulated acid rain and ozone: 2. Effect on throughfall chemistry and nutrients in the leaves. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 30, 325–331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schreiber, U., Schliwa, U., & Bilger, W. (1986). Continuous recording of photochemical and non-photochemical chlorophyll fluorescence quenching with a new type of modulation fluorometer. Photosynthesis Research, 10, 51–62.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Skelly, J. M., Innes, J. L., Savage, J. E., Snyder, K. R., Vanderheyden, D., Zhang, J., et al. (1999). Observation and confirmation of foliar ozone symptoms of native plant species of Switzerland and southern Spain. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 116, 227–234.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, G. E., Jr., & Tingey, D. T. (1982). Flux of ozone to Glycine max: Sites of regulation and relationship to leaf injury. Oecologia, 53, 179–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Temple, P. J., & Riechers, G. H. (1995). Nitrogen allocation in ponderosa pine seedlings exposed to interacting ozone and drought stresses. New Phytologist, 130, 97–104.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vanderheyden, D., Skelly, J., Innes, J., Hug, C., Zhang, J., Landolt, W., et al. (2001). Ozone exposure thresholds and foliar injury on forest plants in Switzerland. Environmental Pollution, 111, 321–331.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vollenweider, P., Ottiger, M., & Günthardt-Goerg, M. S. (2003). Validation of leaf ozone symptoms in natural vegetation using microscopical methods. Environmental Pollution, 124, 101–118.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wieser, G. (1997) Ozone impact on photosynthetic capacity of mature and young Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.): External versus internal exposure. Phyton, 37, 279–302.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wieser, G., Häsler, R., Götz, B., Koch, W., & Havranek, W. M. (2000). Role of climate, crown position, tree age and altitude in calculated ozone flux into needles of Picea abies and Pinus cembra: A synthesis. Environmental Pollution, 109, 415–422.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wohlgemuth, H., Mittelstrass, K., Kschieschan, S., Bender, J., Weigel, H.-J., Overmyer, K., et al. (2002). Activation of an oxidative burst is a general feature of sensitive plants exposed to the air pollutant ozone. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25, 717–726.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J., Ferdinand, J. A., Vanderheyden, D., Skelly, J., & Innes, J. (2001). Variation of gas exchange within native species of Switzerland and relationships with ozone injury: An open-top experiment. Environmental Pollution, 113, 177–185.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

M.J.S. and V.C. thank the DGCN (MMA), and Conselleria de Territori i Habitatge (project FORMEDOZON, Interreg III B) for funding this study, and to Generalitat Valenciana and Bancaixa for continuous support to Fundación CEAM. This work has been carried out in connection with the activities of the Working Group of Ambient Air Quality of ICP-Forests. Esperanza Calvo is acknowledged for fruitful discussions on the article. Carmen Martín is thanked for taking care of the plants. José Reig-Armiñana and Francisco García-Breijo are also thanked for information on the anatomical traits of the plants. Ana Bucher helped with the C and N analyses.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fundación CEAM, Parc Tecnològic, c/ Charles Darwin 14, Paterna, 46980, Valencia, Spain

    Vicent Calatayud, Júlia Cerveró & María José Sanz

Authors
  1. Vicent Calatayud
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Júlia Cerveró
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. María José Sanz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vicent Calatayud.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Calatayud, V., Cerveró, J. & Sanz, M.J. Foliar, Physiologial and Growth Responses of Four Maple Species Exposed to Ozone. Water Air Soil Pollut 185, 239–254 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9446-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9446-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation