Abstract
This study aims to introduce a comprehensive framework for canal modernization, emphasizing the integration of the Archimedes screw turbine as an alternative to traditional drop structures. The goal is to harness renewable energy, improve water distribution efficiency, and address both economic and environmental concerns within canal systems. Our approach employs CROPWAT8 for accurate estimation of crop water requirements and utilizes HEC-RAS for canal simulation. A distinct feature is the integration of fuzzy sarsa learning artificial intelligence within MATLAB. This integration facilitates a seamless operational link between HEC-RAS and fuzzy sarsa systems, optimizing canal operations while enhancing key water distribution indicators such as efficiency, adequacy, and equity. The implementation of our framework led to significant advancements in canal operations. The outcomes included a hydro-module of 0.6 l.s−1.ha−1, and Archimedes Screw Turbine designs with outer diameters varying between 1.17 m to 2.55 m for diverse inline gates. There was a marked enhancement in efficiency (0.993), adequacy (0.997), and equity (0.038) indicators. Additionally, the system exhibited an annual energy output of 219,009 kWh, curbing CO2 emissions by 153,306 kg annually. This translated to an economic gain of $2,146 annually from carbon credits alone. The presented framework not only proves its economic viability, with a payback period of 5.4 years but also demonstrates its environmental benefits. It underscores the immense potential of adopting a holistic approach to canal modernization. Such an approach combines effective agricultural water management with renewable energy generation, encapsulating both economic sustainability and environmental responsibility.
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Funding
Financial support from the Spanish MCIN/AEI/ https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 Project C3PO-R2D2 under Grant PID2020-119476RB-I00 is gratefully acknowledged.
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Kazem Shahverdi: Conceptualized, coded, tested and analyzed the model results and wrote the manuscript. Jose Maria Maestre: assisted in conceptualizing, and analyzing the results, reviewed the manuscript, and gave constructive suggestions.
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Shahverdi, K., Maestre, J.M. Holistic Framework for Canal Modernization: Operation Optimization, and Economic and Environmental Analyses. Water Resour Manage 37, 6145–6164 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-023-03647-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-023-03647-1