Abstract
Storm-drain inlets can lessen surface runoff and are essential for managing urban flooding. To fully grasp the storm-drain inlet discharge characteristics, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was utilised to research. In this study, the discharge characteristics of 36 groups of storm-drain inlets with various water depths and flow velocities were simulated separately. This paper systematically analysed the distribution characteristics of flow patterns, streamlines and velocities of storm-drain inlets. The findings indicate that: the distribution of streamlines and the shape of the free water surface within the storm-drain inlet change significantly with increasing incoming water depth; the flow pattern in the vicinity of rainwater wells changes from the free weir flow to the submerged weir flow; the free water surface of the storm-drain inlet transitions from the state of being partially to entirely covered by water flow. The empirical formula between the discharge coefficient of the storm-drain inlet and the Froude number was constructed by dimensional analysis with a high correlation coefficient. And compared with other empirical formulas, the formula considers the effects of different factors on the discharge capacity of storm-drain inlets in a relatively comprehensive way. This research’s results help deepen the awareness of the discharge process at storm-drain inlets and have implications for guiding municipal flooding management.
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Data Availability
Derived data supporting the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author [JL] on request.
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Acknowledgements
We are very grateful for the efforts of all participating members of the team.
Funding
This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52070157); the “Scientists + Engineers” Team Construction Based on QinChuangYuan Platform, Shaanxi Province (No. 2022KXJ-115).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Ke Zhang is mainly responsible for article writing. Jiake Li and Lizhong Ning provides ideas and funds. Weifeng Xie and Yafang Li contributes to the design of research proposals. Zakir ullah and Kai Peng revised the language. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Highlights
• The discharge characteristics of storm-drain inlets under different inflow conditions were systematically analyzed by CFD method to obtain the flow law of storm-drain inlets in low-lying areas.
• It is proposed to divide the storm-drain inlet discharge form into free weir flow and submerged weir flow, which makes up for the insufficiency of the actual situation that it is difficult to distinguish the discharge form.
• Using dimensional analysis method establish the empirical relationship and analyze the discharge capacity of the storm-drain inlet and to provide a basis for guiding urban waterlogging management.
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Zhang, K., Li, J., Ning, L. et al. Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation Research on Discharge Characteristics of Storm-Drain Inlet in Low-Lying Areas. Water Resour Manage 37, 5273–5287 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-023-03605-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-023-03605-x