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Farmers’ Water Poverty Measurement and Analysis of Endogenous Drivers

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Abstract

The theory of water poverty has undergone extensive development since it was first proposed, but there are still deficiencies in its definition and evaluation at the micro-subject level as well as the research of endogenous drivers analysis. In this regard, this paper takes the main body of micro farmers as the research object, and makes use of 603 micro farmers’ data in Shaanxi and Ningxia, China in order to carry out the measurement of farmers’ water poverty and its endogenous drivers analysis. First, we define the concept of farmers’ water poverty at the micro-scale, and propose a farmers’ water poverty index (FWPI) applicable to the evaluation of micro-level subjects and measure it. Then, an empirical analysis of the endogenous driving paths of farmers’ water poverty is conducted by constructing a partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) with reference to the Drivers-Pressures-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) causality model. All of the pertinent theoretical hypotheses put forward in this study were found to pass the test well. In this regard, the study reveals in detail the specific pathways of the drivers of farmers’ water poverty. It also discovers that the drivers’ impacts on the status of farmers’ water poverty vary, with the effects produced by P_Resource and D_Capacity being prominent. Finally, the study provides countermeasures as well as suggestions for improving the theory of water poverty and alleviating farmers’ water poverty from an endogenous driver standpoint.

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Data Availability

Available from the first author upon request.

Notes

  1. Shaanxi Province Department of water resources (2021) Norm of water intake for industries in Shaanxi. http://slt.shaanxi.gov.cn/zfxxgk/zcjd/202012/t20201228_2147053.html. Accessed 1 February 2023.

  2. Ningxia Water Conservancy (2020) General Office of the People’s Government of the Autonomous Region on the issuance of the norm of water for relevant industries in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (revised). http://slt.nx.gov.cn/xxgk_281/fdzdgknr/wjk/zzqwj/202112/t20211215_3225337.html. Accessed 1 February 2023.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi (Grant numbers [2021JM-112]) and the National Social Science Fund of China (Grant numbers [22XGL022]).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Economics and Management, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, PR China

    Jinlong Shen, Jiafen Li, Yu Zhang & Jianfeng Song

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  1. Jinlong Shen
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  2. Jiafen Li
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  3. Yu Zhang
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  4. Jianfeng Song
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Contributions

Jinlong Shen (data collection, methodology and data analysis, conceptualization, writing, and editing) Jianfeng Song (methodology and data analysis, supervision, conceptualization, writing, review) Jiafen Li (data collection, methodology and data analysis, editing) Yu Zhang (methodology, editing and prepared Figs. 1 and 2), All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jianfeng Song.

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Shen, J., Li, J., Zhang, Y. et al. Farmers’ Water Poverty Measurement and Analysis of Endogenous Drivers. Water Resour Manage 37, 4309–4326 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-023-03554-5

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