Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Optimal Design of Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network Using Aquifer Vulnerability Map

  • Published:
Water Resources Management Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Unplanned and excessive utilization of groundwater increases the risk of seawater intrusion in coastal areas. Therefore, water quality management and monitoring in these areas are significantly important. For designing a monitoring network, the least number of monitoring wells with the optimal spatial distribution should select due to economic considerations. In this study, the optimal monitoring network with the minimum number of wells was selected in the coastal aquifer of Talesh County by considering the aquifer vulnerability maps and assessing the accuracy of the designed monitoring network. Accordingly, the aquifer vulnerability map was prepared using the modified GALDIT index, and then a genetic algorithm was used for optimal search in the monitoring network. The optimization model simultaneously analyzed three objectives: (1) to maximize the correlation between the vulnerability index and the EC value, (2) to minimize the number of monitoring wells, and (3) to maximize the Nash-Sutcliff coefficient that indicates the goodness of fit between the distribution of calculated EC in the existing monitoring network and the new network. The three objectives were integrated into one objective function by applying the weight coefficient w for economic reasons, and then the various weights were assessed. The results showed that the optimal solution selection significantly depended on determining the weight coefficient, and the best weight coefficient was selected by taking the most balanced solution into account according to the vulnerability index and the accuracy of the monitoring network. Satisfied predictions were achieved in both the optimization and the validation steps. Moreover, due to the qualitative and quantitative changes in groundwater in the long term, it should be assessed and redesigned the groundwater quality monitoring network periodically for the monitoring network to be effective in planning and applying methods for improving groundwater quality.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

Availability of Data and Materials

The data will be available upon reasonable request.

Reference:s

  • Amiri H, Azadi S, Javadpour S, Naghavi AA, Boczkaj G (2022) Selecting wells for an optimal design of groundwater monitoring network based on monitoring priority map: A Kish Island case study. Water Resources and Industry 27:100172

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Antonakos A, Lambrakis N (2007) Development and testing of three hybrid methods for the assessment of aquifer vulnerability to nitrates, based on the drastic model, an example from NE Korinthia, Greece. J Hydrol 333(2–4):288–304

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayvaz MT, Elçi A (2018) Identification of the optimum groundwater quality monitoring network using a genetic algorithm based optimization approach. J Hydrol 563:1078–1091

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ayvaz MT, Kentel E (2015) Identification of the best booster station network for a water distribution system. J Water Resour Plan Manag 141(5):04014076

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baalousha H (2010) Assessment of a groundwater quality monitoring network using vulnerability mapping and geostatistics: a case study from Heretaunga Plains, New Zealand. Agric Water Manag 97(2):240–246

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barca E, Bruno D, Lay-Ekuakille A, Maggi S, Passarella G (2018) Retrospective analysis: A validation procedure for the redesign of an environmental monitoring network. Measurement 113:211–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barzegar R, Razzagh S, Quilty J, Adamowski J, Pour HK, Booij MJ (2021) Improving GALDIT-based groundwater vulnerability predictive mapping using coupled resampling algorithms and machine learning models. J Hydrol 598:126370

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bordbar M, Neshat A, Javadi S, Pradhan B, Aghamohammadi H (2020) Meta-heuristic algorithms in optimizing GALDIT framework: A comparative study for coastal aquifer vulnerability assessment. J Hydrol 585:124768

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bordbar M, Neshat A, Javadi S, Shahdany SMH (2021) A hybrid approach based on statistical method and meta-heuristic optimization algorithm for coastal aquifer vulnerability assessment. Environ Model Assess 26(3):325–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chachadi A (2005) Seawater intrusion mapping using modified GALDIT indicator model: A case study in Goa

  • Chachadi A, Lobo-Ferreira J (2001) Sea water intrusion vulnerability mapping of aquifers using GALDIT method. Coastin 4:7–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Chadalavada S, Datta B (2008) Dynamic optimal monitoring network design for transient transport of pollutants in groundwater aquifers. Water Resour Manage 22(6):651–670

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Daughney CJ, Raiber M, Moreau-Fournier M, Morgenstern U, van der Raaij R (2012) Use of hierarchical cluster analysis to assess the representativeness of a baseline groundwater quality monitoring network: comparison of New Zealand’s national and regional groundwater monitoring programs. Hydrogeol J 20(1):185–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fisher JC (2013) Optimization of water-level monitoring networks in the Eastern Snake River plain aquifer using a kriging-based genetic algorithm method. US Department of the Interior, US Geological Survey

  • Gorgij AD, Kisi O, Moghaddam AA, Taghipour A (2017) Groundwater quality ranking for drinking purposes, using the entropy method and the spatial autocorrelation index. Environ Earth Sci 76(7):269

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guo Y, Wang J, Yin X (2011) Optimizing the groundwater monitoring network using MSN theory. Procedia Soc Behav Sci 21:240–242

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jin X, Ranjithan RS, Mahinthakumar G (2014) A monitoring network design procedure for three-dimensional (3D) groundwater contaminant source identification. Environ Forensic 15(1):78–96

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kavusi M, Khashei Siuki A, Dastourani M (2020) Optimal design of groundwater monitoring network using the combined Election-Kriging method. Water Resour Manage 34(8):2503–2516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khader AI, McKee M (2014) Use of a relevance vector machine for groundwater quality monitoring network design under uncertainty. Environ Model Softw 57:115–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim IH, Chung I-M, Chang SW (2021) Development of seawater intrusion vulnerability assessment for averaged seasonality of using modified GALDIT method. Water 13 (13):1820

  • Kruseman GP, De Ridder NA, Verweij JM (1970) Analysis and evaluation of pumping test data, vol 11. International institute for land reclamation and improvement. The Netherlands

  • Lobo-Ferreira J, Chachadi A, Diamantino C, Henriques M (2005) Assessing aquifer vulnerability to seawater intrusion using GALDIT Method. Part 1: application to the Portuguese aquifer of Monte Gordo

  • Luo Q, Wu J, Yang Y, Qian J, Wu J (2016) Multi-objective optimization of long-term groundwater monitoring network design using a probabilistic Pareto genetic algorithm under uncertainty. J Hydrol 534:352–363

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLean M, Evers L, Bowman A, Bonte M, Jones W (2019) Statistical modelling of groundwater contamination monitoring data: A comparison of spatial and spatiotemporal methods. Sci Total Environ 652:1339–1346

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mogheir Y, De Lima J, Singh V (2009) Entropy and multi-objective based approach for groundwater quality monitoring network assessment and redesign. Water Resour Manage 23(8):1603–1620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moriasi DN, Arnold JG, Van Liew MW, Bingner RL, Harmel RD, Veith TL (2007) Model evaluation guidelines for systematic quantification of accuracy in watershed simulations. Trans ASABE 50(3):885–900

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nowak W, Rubin Y, de Barros FP (2012) A hypothesis‐driven approach to optimize field campaigns. Water Resour Res 48(6)

  • Recinos N, Kallioras A, Pliakas F, Schuth C (2015) Application of GALDIT index to assess the intrinsic vulnerability to seawater intrusion of coastal granular aquifers. Environ Earth Sci 73(3):1017–1032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Revelle R (1941) Criteria for recognition of the sea water in ground-waters. EOS Trans Am Geophys Union 22(3):593–597

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rosen L (1994) A study of the DRASTIC methodology with emphasis on Swedish conditions. Groundwater 32(2):278–285

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Santhi C, Arnold JG, Williams JR, Dugas WA, Srinivasan R, Hauck LM (2001) Validation of the swat model on a large rwer basin with point and nonpoint sources 1. J Am Water Resour Assoc 37(5):1169–1188

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shetkar R, Mahesha A (2011) Tropical, seasonal river basin development: hydrogeological analysis. J Hydrol Eng 16(3):280–291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh J, Knapp HV, Arnold J, Demissie M (2005) Hydrological modeling of the Iroquois river watershed using HSPF and SWAT 1. J Am Water Resour Assoc 41(2):343–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Umar R (2009) Groundwater Flow Modelling and Aquifer vulnerability assessment studies in Yamuna-Krishni Sub-basin, Muzaffarnagar District. Thinking 115:116

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Liew M, Arnold J, Garbrecht J (2003) Hydrologic simulation on agricultural watersheds: Choosing between two models. Trans ASAE 46(6):1539

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu S-C, Ke K-Y, Lin H-T, Tan Y-C (2017) Optimization of groundwater quality monitoring network using risk assessment and geostatistic approach. Water Resour Manage 31(1):515–530

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Y (2004) Optimal design of a groundwater monitoring network in Daqing, China. Environ Geol 45(4):527–535

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xiong Y, Luo J, Liu X, Liu Y, Xin X, Wang S (2022) Machine learning-based optimal design of groundwater pollution monitoring network. Environ Res 211:113022

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang F-g, Cao S-y, Liu X-n, Yang K-j (2008) Design of groundwater level monitoring network with ordinary kriging. J Hydrodyn 20(3):339–346

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang J-S, Jeong Y-W, Agossou A, Sohn J-S, Lee J-B (2022) GALDIT modification for seasonal seawater intrusion mapping using multi criteria decision making methods. Water 14(14):2258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yang X-S, Gandomi AH, Talatahari S, Alavi AH (2012) Metaheuristics in water, geotechnical and transport engineering. Newnes

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran

    Hedi Mahmoudpour, Somaye Janatrostami & Afshin Ashrafzadeh

Authors
  1. Hedi Mahmoudpour
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Somaye Janatrostami
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Afshin Ashrafzadeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Conceptualization, H.M and S.J; Methodology, H.M and S.J; Software, H.M, S.J and A.A; Validation, H.M, S.J and A.A; Formal analysis H.M, S.J and A.A; Investigation, H.M, S.J and A.A; Resources, H.M, S.J and A.A; data curation, H.M and S.J; Writing - original draft preparation, H.M, S.J and A.A; Writing - review and editing, S.J and A.A; Visualization, H.M, S.J and A.A; Supervision, S.J and A.A; Project administration, S.J and A.A. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Somaye Janatrostami.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Approval

The authors confirm that this article is original research and has not been published or presented previously in any journal or conference in any language (in whole or in part).

Consent to Participate

Participation in the study was voluntary; all participants agreed to participate in the study.

Consent to Publish

The authors approved the version to be published.

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mahmoudpour, H., Janatrostami, S. & Ashrafzadeh, A. Optimal Design of Groundwater Quality Monitoring Network Using Aquifer Vulnerability Map. Water Resour Manage 37, 797–818 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-022-03404-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-022-03404-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation