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Water Resources Liability Measurement and the Driving Factors of Water Resources Liability Intensity

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Abstract

Water resources liability (WRL) is the responsibility and obligation assumed and repaid after human activities cause excessive consumption and damage to water resources. It is the creditor's right and debt relationship between the economy and natural environment based on water resources. With the intensification of water competition and the deterioration of water ecology, it is urgent to accurately calculate the real occupation of water resources by national and regional economic activities. From the perspective of sustainable utilization of water resources, this study constructs an accounting model of WRL and water resources liability intensity (WLI), analyzes the spatial and temporal characteristics of WLI, and discusses the driving factors of WLI. The results reveal that the total amount of WRL in China experienced a decreasing trend from 2012 to 2019. The increase in available water resources and the decrease in total water demand are the direct reasons for the decrease in WRL. China's average WLI experienced a downward trend, indicating a significant improvement in water use efficiency. The WLI was higher in the western region and lower in the eastern region. In terms of regional differences, the overall spatial differences of WLI were in the process of continuous adjustment. The analysis of the driving factors of WLI reveals that the urbanization rate and the degree of economic openness had a significant driving effect on reducing WLI. The WLI in China presented an inverted N-shaped Kuznets curve, and most of the regions were between the first and second inflection points.

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Data Availability

The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (B210203074) and the Social Science Fund of Jiangsu Province (19GLD002).

Funding

The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (B210203074) and the Social Science Fund of Jiangsu Province (19GLD002).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Business School, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 211100, Nanjing, China

    Dan-dan Zhang & Ju-qin Shen

  2. Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117570, Singapore

    Dan-dan Zhang

  3. College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Jiangsu, 211100, Nanjing, China

    Fu-hua Sun

Authors
  1. Dan-dan Zhang
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  2. Ju-qin Shen
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  3. Fu-hua Sun
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Contributions

Dandan Zhang conducted the research. Juqin Shen and Fuhua Sun revised the paper and guided the research, Dandan Zhang were responsible for collection data, creating the figures, and revising the paper. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Dan-dan Zhang.

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Zhang, Dd., Shen, Jq. & Sun, Fh. Water Resources Liability Measurement and the Driving Factors of Water Resources Liability Intensity. Water Resour Manage 36, 1553–1569 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-022-03101-8

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