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Multi-Objective Optimization of Integrated Surface and Groundwater Resources Under the Clean Development Mechanism

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Abstract

Acquiring sustainable water resources for water-based development of countries is the experts҆ concern in this field, who seek to follow the clean development mechanism (CDM) regulations and overcome water crisis through integrated water resources management (IWRM). The Great Karun River basin is one of the major basins in the Middle East. This basin, containing six of the largest reservoir dams with a cumulative power plant capacity of more than 10,500 MW generates about 93% of hydropower of Iran. The water balance of the aquifer in the study area was simulated using MODFLOW model while water resources and surface water reserves were simulated by the water evaluation and planning (WEAP) model. A separate simulation was performed with each of two models and the results of two models were coupled using a link file. The multi-objective function optimization process including the maximized supply of demands and hydropower and the minimized aquifer drawdown was completed using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). All effective system components, such as inter-basin water transfer, integrated use of water resources, variation of irrigation network efficiencies, and the effect of water shortage were studied and analyzed under the targeted scenarios. Finally, the best scenario, which was capable to supply the future needs until time horizon of 2040 was planned for the basin considering minimization of aquifer drawdown and optimal generation of hydropower resulting in a maximum decrease in emission of greenhouse gases.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Khuzestan Water and Power Authority (KWPA) and the management of the Office of Applied Research for financial support for this research. Also, the authors would like to thank the deputy of Basic Studies of KWPA for providing the data.

Funding

Partial financial support was received from Khuzestan Water and Power Authority (KWPA).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Water Resources Engineering, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran

    Hamidreza Majedi, Hossein Fathian, Alireza Nikbakht-Shahbazi & Narges Zohrabi

  2. Shirin Ab Zamin Consulting Engineers Co, Ahvaz, Iran

    Fatemeh Hassani

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  1. Hamidreza Majedi
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  2. Hossein Fathian
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  3. Alireza Nikbakht-Shahbazi
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  4. Narges Zohrabi
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  5. Fatemeh Hassani
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All authors with names Hamidreza Majedi, Hossein Fathian, Alireza Nikbakht-Shahbazi, Narges Zohrabi and Fatemeh Hassani have contributed to this article.

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Correspondence to Hossein Fathian.

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Majedi, H., Fathian, H., Nikbakht-Shahbazi, A. et al. Multi-Objective Optimization of Integrated Surface and Groundwater Resources Under the Clean Development Mechanism. Water Resour Manage 35, 2685–2704 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-021-02860-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-021-02860-0

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