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Distributed Simulation‐optimization Model for Conjunctive Use of Groundwater and Surface Water Under Environmental and Sustainability Restrictions

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Abstract

Evolving optimal management strategies are essential for the sustainable development of water resources. A coupled simulation-optimization model that links the simulation and optimization models internally through a response matrix approach is developed for the conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water in meeting irrigation water demand and municipal water supply, while ensuring groundwater sustainability and maintaining environmental flow in river. It incorporates the stream-aquifer interactions, and the aquifer response matrix is generated from a numerical groundwater model. The optimization model is solved by using MATLAB. The developed model has been applied to the Hormat-Golina valley alluvial stream-aquifer system, Ethiopia, and the optimal pumping schedules were obtained for the existing 43 wells under two different scenarios representing with and without restrictions on stream flow depletion, and satisfying the physical, operational and managerial constraints arising due to hydrological configuration, sustainability and ecological services. The study reveals that the total annual optimal pumping is reduced by 19.75 % due to restrictions on stream flow depletion. It is observed that the groundwater pumping from the aquifer has a significant effect on the stream flow depletion and the optimal conjunctive water use plays a great role in preventing groundwater depletion caused by the extensive pumping for various purposes. The groundwater contribution in optimal conjunctive water use is very high having a value of 92 % because of limited capacity of canal. The findings would be useful to the planners and decision makers for ensuring long-term water sustainability.

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Data Availability

Some or all data that support the findings are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their thanks to the National Ministry of Water and Energy, Meteorology Agency of Ethiopia, and Kobo Valley Development Project Office for providing the necessary data free of charge. The financial support for the field visit from Debre Markos University is also gratefully acknowledged.

Funding

Partial financial support for field visit was received from Debre Markos University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, 269, Ethiopia

    Mulu Sewinet Kerebih

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Ashok K. Keshari

Authors
  1. Mulu Sewinet Kerebih
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  2. Ashok K. Keshari
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by first author (Mulu Sewinet Kerebih). Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual contents was carried out by second author (Proff. Ashok. K. Keshari). All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Mulu Sewinet Kerebih.

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Kerebih, M.S., Keshari, A.K. Distributed Simulation‐optimization Model for Conjunctive Use of Groundwater and Surface Water Under Environmental and Sustainability Restrictions. Water Resour Manage 35, 2305–2323 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-021-02788-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-021-02788-5

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