Abstract
An accurate estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is of paramount importance for many studies such as hydrologic water balance, irrigation system design and management, crop yield simulation, and water resources planning and management. In the present study, Blaney-Criddle, Jensen-Haise and Hargreaves (temperature based), Priestley-Taylor, Radiation and Makkink (radiation based) and, Pan Evaporation and Christiansen (pan evaporation based) methods have been evaluated and recalibrated with respect to FAO-56 Penman-Monteith method for estimating daily ET0 in the semi-arid Tirupati, Nellore, Rajahmundry, Anakapalli and Rajendranagar sites of Andhra Pradesh, India. Recalibrated Blaney-Criddle (temperature based), Radiation (Radiation based) and Christiansen (Pan evaporation based) methods showed a satisfactory performance at the sites. Further, recalibrated Blaney- Criddle method showed relatively better performance than Radiation and Christiansen methods in the daily ET0 estimation. Recalibrated Blaney- Criddle method may therefore be adopted at the sites selected for the present study and also at the sites with similar climatic conditions for satisfactory daily ET0 estimation.
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Abbreviations
- a, b:
-
calibration factors
- c:
-
adjustment factor (radiation method)
- CE :
-
elevation coefficient
- CH :
-
humidity coefficient
- CM :
-
monthly coefficient
- Cs:
-
sunshine coefficient
- CT :
-
temperature coefficient
- CW :
-
wind velocity coefficient
- E:
-
elevation, m
- Em :
-
mean elevations of stations considered, m
- Epan :
-
pan evaporation, mm day−1
- ET0 :
-
grass reference crop evapotranspiration, mm day−1
- ET0′:
-
alfalfa reference crop evapotranspiration, mm day−1
- ea′:
-
actual vapour pressure, k Pa
- es′:
-
saturation vapour pressure, k Pa
- FET:
-
fetch distance, m
- G:
-
soil heat flux density, mm day−1
- G′:
-
soil heat flux density, MJ m−2 day−1
- Kp :
-
pan coefficient
- n:
-
actual duration of sunshine in a day, hour
- N:
-
maximum possible sunshine duration in a day (daylight hours), hour
- p:
-
mean daily percentage of total annual sunshine hours
- Ra :
-
extraterrestrial radiation, mm/day
- Ra :
-
extra terrestrial radiation, MJ m−2 day−1
- RHm :
-
mean of mean relative humidity, %
- RHmax :
-
maximum relative humidity, %
- RHmin :
-
minimum relative humidity, %
- RHmean :
-
average daily relative humidity, %
- RH:
-
mean relative humidity, %
- Rn :
-
net solar radiation, mm day−1
- Rn :
-
net solar radiation, MJ m−2 day−1
- R:
-
global solar radiation mm/day
- Rs :
-
solar radiation reaching the earth, MJ m−2 day−1
- sp :
-
relative sunshine duration, n/N
- spm :
-
mean relative sunshine duration over the period considered
- T:
-
mean daily temperature, °C
- Tm :
-
mean daily temperature over the period considered, °C
- TD:
-
difference between maximum and minimum daily temperatures, °C
- ud, un :
-
day and night time wind speeds respectively, m/s
- u2 :
-
wind speed measured at height 2 m, ms−1
- U2 :
-
wind speed measured at height 2 m, km day−1
- U2m :
-
mean wind speed measured at height 2 m over the period, km day−1
- W:
-
weighting factor
- Δ:
-
slope of saturation vapour pressure curve, mb °C−1
- Δ′:
-
slope of saturation vapour pressure curve, kPa °C−1
- ϒ′:
-
psychrometric constant, kPa °C−1
- ϒ:
-
psychrometric constant, mb °C−1
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Mallikarjuna, P., Jyothy, S.A., Murthy, D.S. et al. Performance of Recalibrated Equations for the Estimation of Daily Reference Evapotranspiration. Water Resour Manage 28, 4513–4535 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0733-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0733-9