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The Value of Snow Depletion Forecasting Methods Towards Operational Snowmelt Runoff Estimation Using MODIS and Numerical Weather Prediction Data

Water Resources Management volume 26, pages 3415–3440 (2012)Cite this article

Abstract

Forecasting streamflow mainly due to snowmelt in the mountainous eastern part of Turkey is important in terms of effective management of water resources at the headwaters of Euphrates River, where large dam reservoirs are located. Monitoring Snow Covered Area (SCA) and modeling snowmelt forms the backbone of the forecasting studies as the snowmelt dominating runoff constitutes approximately 2/3 of total annual volume of runoff during spring and early summer. Two main motivations of the study are; firstly, to assess the methodologies to forecast SCA using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and derive Snow Depletion Curve (SDC) for each elevation zone. Secondly, to forecast 1 day ahead daily discharges using the derived SDCs and Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) data corrected specifically for the area. The Upper Euphrates Basin (10,275 km2) is selected as the pilot basin and MODIS daily snow cover products are analyzed for the snowmelt season. Four different methodologies are proposed and assessed to forecast SDCs; simple averaging, temperature based, stochastic modeling and probabilistic approach. SDCs are derived for the water years 2006–2010, 4 years data are used to derive the equations of the methodologies and 1 year is used to verify their skills. Forecasting discharges 1 day ahead with Snowmelt Runoff Model using NWP data is the second part of the study. Impact of forecasted SDCs with different methodologies is examined with the model. Model applications provide promising results both for the forecasting of SCA and runoff with an overall Model Efficiency higher than 0.60 and 0.85, respectively.

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Acknowledgements

This study is supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) 108Y161 and Anadolu University Scientific Research Project BAP070212. The valuable contributions of A.Ünal Şorman, Emmanuel Roulin and A.Arda Şorman to the improvement of this paper is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like thank to A.Arda Şorman and his group (E. Yamankurt and E. Gözel) for SCA preprocessing of MODIS. The support of TSMS and EIE for providing hydrological and meteorological data is also appreciated.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Anadolu University, 26555, Eskişehir, Turkey

    Aynur Şensoy & Gökçen Uysal

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  1. Aynur Şensoy
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  2. Gökçen Uysal
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Correspondence to Aynur Şensoy.

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Şensoy, A., Uysal, G. The Value of Snow Depletion Forecasting Methods Towards Operational Snowmelt Runoff Estimation Using MODIS and Numerical Weather Prediction Data. Water Resour Manage 26, 3415–3440 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0079-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-012-0079-0

Keywords

  • Snow covered area
  • Snow depletion curve
  • MODIS
  • Snowmelt runoff
  • Forecast
  • SRM
  • Upper Euphrates Basin