Abstract
A limnological survey of a man-made reservoir in the central part of Albania was conducted from May 2006 to May 2008. This water body is being constructed 15 years ago for water supply of the Tirana, capital city of Albania. The physical and chemical quality of water in this reservoir was determined and compared against universally accepted water quality standards. Water quality parameters relevant to the study area are discussed considering the ecosystem function and interrelationship among physical and chemical parameters with the biological ones. The water quality of traditional and modern reservoir was not significantly different except for a bed odour that occurs throughout of the summer. Due to the reservoirs life the eutrophication in the nowadays is not a major problem in the reservoir, but due to an intensive sedimentation rate it is predicted that will seriously affect the water body in the near future. Management strategies to improve the water use efficiency with particular reference to eutrophication are proposed. On the other hand it is recommended that an integrated approach following the IRBM criteria will be the best way of management and administration.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
APHA (1988) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 20 ed. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC
Baykal BB, Tanik AI, Gonenc IE (2000) Water quality in drinking water reservoirs of a megacity, Istanbul. Environ Manage 26(6):607–614
BMZ (1995) Environmental handbook: documentation on monitoring and evaluation impacts. Vol. III. Vieweg, Leverkusen
Brandl Z (1998) Life strategy and feeding relations of Cyclops vicinus in two reservoirs. Int Rev Hydrobiol 83:381–388
Caramujo MJ, Boavida MJ (2000) The Crustacean communities of River Tagus Reservoirs Zooplankton structure as reservoir trophic state indicator. Limnética 18:37–56
Carlson RE (1997) A trophic state index for lakes. Limnol Oceanogr 22:361–369
Cesaraccio C, Pellizzaro G et al (2004) Analysis of phenological behaviour of some Mediterranean shrub species in responses to warming and drought conditions. Conference of Biometeorology and Aerobiology AMS. Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. http://ams.confex.com/ams/AFAPURBBIO/techprogram. Accessed 15 May 2009
Clarke RA, Stanley CD et al (1997) Relationship of seasonal water quality to chlorophyll a concentration in Lake Manatee, Florida. Lake Reserv Manage 13(3):253–258
de Medina HL, Marin JC, Gutiêrrez E, Morales J (2003) Nitrogen mobility at the sediment–water interface of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Water Air Soil Pollut 145(V.1–4):341–357. doi:10.1023/A:1023632702886
Dodds W, Smith V, Lohman K (2002) Nitrogen and phosphorous relationships to benthic algal biomass in temperate streams. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 59(5):865–874. doi:10.1139/f02-063
Dring J, Hoda P et al (2002) Plant communities of Albania—A preliminary overview. Annali di Botanica, Nuova Serie 2:7–30
Edmondson WT (1991) The uses of ecology: Lake Washington and beyond. USA. University of Washington Press, Seattle
EC (1975) Council Directive 75/440/EEC of 16 June 1975 concerning the quality required of surface water intended for the abstraction of drinking water in the Member States as amended by Council Directive 79/869/EEC (further amended by Council Directive 81/855/EEC and Council Regulation 807/2003/EC) and both amended by Council Directive 91/692/EEC (further amended by Regulation 1882/2003/EC). http://rod.eionet.europa.eu/instruments/202. Accessed 10 April 2008
EEA (2007) Halting the loss of biodiversity by 2010: proposal for a first set of indicators to monitor progress in Europe. EEA technical report No 11/2007. http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/technical_report_2007_11. Accessed 02 March 2008
Gardolinski C, Hanrahan G, Achterberg EP, Gledhill M, Tappin AD, House WA, Worsfold PJ, (2001) Comparison of sample storage protocols for the determination of nutrients in natural waters. Water Res 35:3670–3678. doi:10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00088-4
Haggard BE, Moorre PA et al (1999) Trophic conditions and gradients of the headwater reaches of Beaver Lake. Arkansas. Proc Okla Acad Sci 79:73–84
Haney JF, Hall DJ (1972) Sugar-coated Daphnia: a preservation technique for Cladocera. Limnol Oceanogr 18:331–332
Henriksen A (1969) Preservation of water samples for phosphorus and nitrogen determination. Vatten 25:247–254
Higgins T, Colleran E, Raine R (2006) Transition from P- to N-limited phytoplankton growth in an artificial lake on flooded cutaway peat land in Ireland. Appl Veg Sci 9:223–230. doi:10.1111/j.1654-109X.2006.tb00671.X
Hutchinson GE (1967) A treatise of limnology. Vol. II—Introduction to Lake Biology and the Limnoplankton. Wiley, New York
Kabo M (1991) Physical geography of Albania. Albanian Academy of Sciences. Geographic Centre, Tirana
Krebs CJ (1994) Ecology: the experimental analyses of distribution and abundance, 4th edn. Harper Collins, New York
Maier G (1998) Differential success of cyclopoid copepods in the pelagic zone of eutrophic lakes. J Mar Syst 15(4):135–138. doi:10.1016/S0924-7963(97)00064-X
Mijović SR, Vuković Ž, Mažgalj A (2006) A pan-European classification of the Skadar lake according to environmental standards. Facta universitatis. Physics, Chemistry and Technology 4(1):35–43. doi:10.2298/FUPCT0601035M
Morkoç E, Tugrul S, Öztürk M (1998) Trophic characteristics of the Sapanca Lake (Turkey). Croat Chem Acta 71(2):303–322
Pantle E, Buck H (1955) Die biologische Uberwachung der Gewsser und die Darstellung der Ergebnisse. Gas-und Wasserfech 96:604
Papastergiadou E, Retalis A, et al (2007) Land use change and associated environmental impacts on the Mediterranean shallow Lake Stymfalia, Greece. Hydrobiologia 584, 1(12):361–372. doi:10.1007/s10750-007-0606-9
Poschlod P, Bakker JP, Kahmen S (2005) Changing land use and its impact on biodiversity. Basic Appl Ecol 6(2):93–98. doi:10.1016/j.baae.2004.12.001
Porcalová P (2006) Hydrobiological investigations of the water quality of the water supply reservoirs Husinec and Rímov. Acta Hydrochim Hydrobiol 13(2):149–153. doi:10.1002/clen.s201090000
Rohrichova A (1997) Demographic study of the population of Cyclops vicinus Uljanin in the Rimov reservoir. (Master These) 46. 0 I.H. B. C. Budejovice
Rosenmeier MF, Hodell DA et al (2002) Influence of vegetation change on watershed hydrology: implications for paleoclimatic interpretation of lacustrine \(\updelta\)^18O records. J Paleolimnol 27,1(15):117–131
Rzoska J (1978) On the nature and rivers with case stories of Nile, Zaire and Amazon. Junk, The Hague
Scharf W (1999) Restoration of the highly eutrophic Lingese Reservoir. Hydrobiologia 416:85–96
Siwek PJ, Zelazny M, Chelmicki W (2008) Annual changes in the chemical composition of stream water in small catchments with different land-use (Carpathian Foothills, Poland). Soil & Water Res 3:129–137
Shuka L, Malollari I, Veizaj D (2005) Assessment of phosphates and nitrates effects in water’s quality of Ohrid and Prespa lakes. J Environ Prot Ecol 6(4):761–770
Uhlman D (1998) Reservoirs as ecosystems. Int Rev Hydrobiol 83:13–20
Wetzel RG (1983) Limnology, 2nd edn. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia
Wetzel GW (2001) Limnology—lake and river ecosystems, 3rd edn. Academic, San Diego
Wissman J (2006) Grazing regimes and plant reproduction in semi-natural grasslands. Dissertation, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala
Zhou G, Wang Y, Wang S (2002) Response of grassland ecosystems to precipitation and land use along the Northeast China Transect. J Veg Sci 13(3):361–368. doi:10.1658/1100-9233(2002)013[0361:ROGETP]2.0.CO;2
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shuka, L., Çullaj, A., Shumka, S. et al. The Spatial and Temporal Variability of Limnological Properties of Bovilla Reservoir (Albania). Water Resour Manage 25, 3027–3039 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-011-9788-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-011-9788-z