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Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Reducing the Emission of Nitrogen Oxides in Asia

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Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate cost-effective reduction strategies for nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in the Asian region. The source-receptor relationships of the Lagrangian “puff” model of long-range transportation, ATMOS-N, were used to calculate the wet/dry deposition of the nitrogen (N) in Asia. Critical loads of N deposition in Asia were calculated from the relationships between the critical load of sulfur (S) and balance of N in and out using the data of S critical load of RAINS-ASIA. The cost functions of N reduction of Asian countries were derived by the regression analysis with the data of cost functions of European countries used in RAINS. In order to assess the environmental impact, the gaps between N deposition and critical load of N were calculated. The emission of NO x was reduced in some cases of this model, and the changes of gaps between N deposition and critical load were observed as well as the changes of the reduction cost. It is shown that a uniform reduction of NO x emissions by countries in Asia is not cost-effective strategy.

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Notes

  1. http://www.eanet.cc/

  2. http://www.rrcap.unep.org/issues/air/Maledec/

  3. http://atmos.cgrer.uiowa.edu/EMISSION_DATA/index_16.htm#

  4. ATMOS-N was the only model that published annual SRRs of NO x in Asia as of 2004.

  5. The critical load values calculated in RAINS-ASIA phase II were used here.

  6. The data was downloaded from the web site of IIASA (http://www.iiasa.ac.at/web-apps/tap/RainsWeb/) in September 2004.

  7. England, Italy, Poland, Netherlands, Belgium, Greece, Portugal, Czech, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Austria, Hungary, Ireland, Slovakia.

  8. Germany, France, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Slovenia, Lithuania, Estonia, Luxemburg, Cyprus, Marta.

  9. Latvia.

  10. China, India, Japan, R. of Korea, Indonesia, Thailand.

  11. Pakistan, Taiwan, Malaysia, Philippines, Vietnam, D.P.R. of Korea, Myanmar, Mongolia, Bangladesh, Singapore.

  12. Lao, Cambodia, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Brunei, Bhutan.

  13. Mapping program of RAINS-ASIA is used to show the result of calculation.

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Acknowledgement

The authors would like to thank Kentaro Hayashi, Kazuhide Matsuda, Hiroyuki Sase and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments in revising this paper, RAINS-ASIA Phase II for support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Niigata Prefectural Government, 4-1 Shinko-cho, Niigata City, 950-8570, Japan

    Ken Yamashita

  2. Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minamiosawa, Hachioji City, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan

    Fumiko Ito

  3. School of Policy Studies, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Mita City, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan

    Keigo Kameda

  4. Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), University of Wisconsin – Madison, 1710 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53726, USA

    Tracey Holloway & Matthew P. Johnston

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  1. Ken Yamashita
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  2. Fumiko Ito
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  3. Keigo Kameda
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  4. Tracey Holloway
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  5. Matthew P. Johnston
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Correspondence to Ken Yamashita.

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Yamashita, K., Ito, F., Kameda, K. et al. Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Reducing the Emission of Nitrogen Oxides in Asia. Water Air Soil Pollut: Focus 7, 357–369 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11267-006-9097-3

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