Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Study Abroad, Global Citizenship, and the Study of Nongovernmental Organizations

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This article has been updated

I truly did fall in love with the people and the culture and it was a wonderful experience that left me feeling like I need to be doing work like this.—Student 6, female undergraduate.

Abstract

Nonprofit education and management programs often recognize the efficacy of including experiential learning opportunities such as study abroad in their curricula. In addition, higher education institutions increasingly prioritize global citizenship as a learning outcome. However, challenges abound for educators who want to evaluate study abroad courses that expect students to acquire or deepen their levels of global citizenship. This study seeks to evaluate the impact of a short-course study abroad program on students’ global citizenship orientation. Our qualitative findings suggest that students indeed grapple with the notion of global citizenship in various ways while immersed in such a course. They can also express conflicting views, further confounding scholarly understanding of how to best measure global citizenship. We discuss implications for students expressing more of an observational role than an inclination to act on global issues.

Résumé

Les programmes de gestion et d’éducation sans but lucratif reconnaissent souvent l’efficacité des apprentissages empiriques, dont les voyages d’études à l’étranger. En outre, les établissements d’enseignement supérieur donnent de plus en plus la priorité à la citoyenneté mondiale en tant que but ultime de ces formations. Les éducateurs responsables d’évaluer les cours offerts à l’étranger pour exhorter les étudiants à acquérir ou à approfondir leur statut de citoyen mondial font toutefois face à de nombreux défis. La présente étude tente d’évaluer l’incidence d’un programme d’études à l’étranger de courte durée sur l’orientation des étudiants en matière de citoyenneté mondiale. Nos résultats qualitatifs suggèrent que les étudiants apprivoisent effectivement la notion de citoyenneté mondiale de diverses façons durant une telle immersion pédagogique. Ils expriment également des points de vue conflictuels, déconcertant ainsi davantage les académiciens quant à la méthode de mesure de la citoyenneté mondiale la plus efficace. Nous traitons des implications que cela a pour les étudiants qui affichent des comportements d’observateur plutôt qu’une propension à agir dans la foulée d’enjeux mondiaux donnés.

Zusammenfassung

Gemeinnützige Bildungs- und Managementprogramme erkennen häufig, wie nützlich es ist, erfahrungsorientierte Lerngelegenheiten, wie z.B. ein Auslandsstudium, in ihre Kurspläne aufzunehmen. Darüber hinaus machen höhere Bildungseinrichtungen die globale Bürgerschaft als Lernziel vermehrt zur Priorität. Allerdings ergeben sich viele Probleme für Pädagogen, die Auslandsstudienkurse bewerten wollen, bei denen von den Studenten erwartet wird, dass sie ihre globale Bürgerschaft herausbilden bzw. vertiefen. Diese Arbeit möchte die Auswirkungen eines kurzen Auslandsstudiums auf die Orientierung der Studenten zur globalen Bürgerschaft beurteilen. Die qualitativen Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass sich die Studenten im Rahmen eines solchen Programms tatsächlich auf verschiedene Weise mit dem Konzept der globalen Bürgerschaft auseinandersetzen. Zudem können sie unterschiedliche Meinungen zum Ausdruck bringen, die das wissenschaftliche Verständnis zur bestmöglichen Messung der gobalen Bürgerschaft weiter durcheinanderbringen. Es werden die Implikationen für Studenten diskutiert, die mehr eine Beobachterrolle ausdrücken als den Drang, auf globale Themen einzuwirken.

Resumen

Los programas de gestión y educación sin ánimo de lucro a menudo reconocen la eficacia de incluir oportunidades de aprendizaje experiencial, tales como estudiar en el extranjero en sus planes de estudio. Asimismo, las instituciones de enseñanza superior priorizan cada vez más la ciudadanía mundial como un resultado del aprendizaje. Sin embargo, abundan los retos para los educadores que deseen evaluar los cursos de estudio en el extranjero que esperan que los estudiantes adquieran o profundicen sus niveles de ciudadanía mundial. El presente estudio trata de evaluar el impacto de un programa breve de estudios en el extranjero sobre la orientación en ciudadanía mundial de los estudiantes. Nuestros hallazgos cualitativos sugieren que los estudiantes tratan de resolver la noción de ciudadanía mundial de diversas formas, mientras están inmersos en dicho curso. También pueden expresar opiniones conflictivas, confundiendo aún más la comprensión de los eruditos de cómo medir de mejor forma la ciudadanía mundial. Tratamos las implicaciones para los estudiantes que expresan más un papel observacional que una inclinación a actuar en temas mundiales.

Chinese

非营利性教育和管理计划经常认识到将体验式学习机会(如出国留学)纳入课程的功效。此外,高等教育机构越来越重视将全球公民水平作为学习成果。然而,对于想要评估留学课程、希望学生获得或加深其全球公民水平的教育工作者来说,面临着诸多挑战。本研究旨在评估短期留学计划对学生全球公民导向的影响。我们的定性研究结果表明,沉浸在这样的课程中,学生确实以各种方式解决了全球公民的观念。他们还可以表达不同观点,进一步质疑学术上对如何最好衡量全球公民的理解。我们讨论对表达更多观察角色的学生的影响,而非对全球问题采取行动的倾向。

Arabic

غالبا” تعترف برامج التعليم والإدارة الغير ربحية بفاعلية تشمل فرص التعليم التجريبي مثل الدراسة في الخارج في مناهجها الدراسية. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تعطي مؤسسات التعليم العالي الأولوية المتزايدة لدراسة المواضيع العالمية كنتيجة للتعليم. مع ذلك، هناك تحديات كثيرة للمعلمين الذين يرغبون في تقييم الدورات الدراسية في الخارج التي تتوقع أن الطلاب يحصلوا عليها أو تعميق مستويات الدراسات العالمية. تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى تقييم أثر برنامج الدراسة القصيرة في الخارج على توجيه الدراسات العالمية للطلاب. نتائجنا النوعية تشير إلى أن الطلاب يتصارعون بالفعل مع مفهوم الدراسة العالمية بطرق مختلفة في أثناء إستغراقهم في مثل هذه الدورة. يمكنهم أيضا التعبير عن وجهات نظر متضاربة، مما يزيد من الفهم العلمي الفكري لكيفية قياس أفضل دراسة للمواضيع العالمية. نناقش الآثار المترتبة على الطلاب الذين يعبرون عن دور رصد أكثر من ميل إلى العمل على القضايا العالمية.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.

Change history

  • 10 May 2018

    The PDF version of this article was reformatted to a larger trim size.

Notes

  1. Course materials and assignment prompts can be accessed in an appendix available from the corresponding author.

References

  • Andreotti, V. O. (2014). Soft versus critical global citizenship education. In S. McCloskey (Ed.), Development education in policy and practice (pp. 21–31). UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Appe, S., Rubaii, N., & Stamp, K. (2015). International service learning in public and nonprofit management education: Reflections from multiple stakeholders and lessons learned. The Journal of Nonprofit Education and Leadership, 6(1), 3–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armstrong, C. (2006). Global civil society and the question of global citizenship. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 17(4), 349–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Association for Experiential Education. (2016). What is experiential education? Retrieved from http://www.aee.org/what-is-ee.

  • Bellamy, C., & Weinberg, A. (2006). Creating global citizens through study. Connection: The Journal of the New England Board of Higher Education, 21(2), 20–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourn, D. (2011). From internationalisation to global perspectives. Higher Education Research & Development, 30(5), 559–571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunell, L. A. (2013). Building global citizenship: Engaging global issues, practicing civic skills. Journal of Political Science Education, 9(1), 16–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, C. J., & Walta, C. (2015). Maximising intercultural learning in short term international placements: Findings associated with orientation programs, guided reflection and immersion. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 40(10), 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, H. L. (2014). A look at experiential education in nonprofit-focused graduate degree programs. The Journal of Nonprofit Education and Leadership, 4(2), 114–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caruana, V. (2014). Re-thinking global citizenship in higher education: From cosmopolitanism and international mobility to cosmopolitanisation, resilience and resilient thinking. Higher Education Quarterly, 68(1), 85–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Che, M., Spearman, M., & Manizade, A. (2009). Constructive disequilibrium. In R. Lewin (Ed.), The handbook of practice and research in study abroad: Higher education and the quest for global citizenship (pp. 99–116). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coryell, J. E., Stewart, T., Wubena, Z. C., Valverde-Poenie, T. C., & Spencer, B. J. (2016). International service-learning: Study abroad and global citizenship development in a post-disaster locale. In D. M. Velliaris & D. Coleman-George (Eds.), Handbook of research on study abroad programs and outbound mobility (pp. 420–445). Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. (an imprint of IGI Global).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Crabtree, R. D. (2008). Theoretical foundations for international service-learning. Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, 15(1), 18–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowe, M. R., & Adams, K. A. (1979). The current state of assessing experiential education programs. Columbus, OH: The National Center for Research in Vocational Education, The Ohio State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, L. (2006). Global citizenship: Abstraction or framework for action? Educational Review, 58(1), 5–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deardorff, D. K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10(3), 241–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dewey, J. (1938). Experience and education (Reprint ed.). New York, NY: Free.

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Gregorio, D. (2015). Fostering experiential learning in faculty-led study abroad programmes. In V. Taras & M. A. Gonzalez-Perez (Eds.), The Palgrave handbook of experiential learning in international business (pp. 569–584). London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dobson, A., & Sáiz, A. V. (Eds.). (2005). Citizenship, environment, economy. New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dolby, N. (2008). Global citizenship and study abroad: A comparative study of American and Australian undergraduates. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 17, 51–67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Donnelly-Smith, L. (2009). Global learning through short-term study abroad. Peer Review, 11(4), 12–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Freire, P., & Macedo, D. (2000). Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 30th Anniversary Edition. (M. B. Ramos, Trans.). New York: Bloomsbury Academic.

  • Gambino, G., & Hashim, S. M. (2016). In their own words: Assessing global citizenship in a short-term study-abroad program in Bangladesh. Journal of Political Science Education, 12(1), 15–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gazley, B., Bennett, T. A., & Littlepage, L. (2013). Achieving the partnership principle in experiential learning: The nonprofit perspective. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 19(3), 559–579.

    Google Scholar 

  • Geller, J. D., Zuckerman, N., & Seidel, A. (2016). Service learning as a catalyst for community development: How do community partners benefit from service learning? Education and Urban Society, 48(2), 151–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goren, H., & Yemini, M. (2017). Citizenship education redefined—A systematic review of empirical studies on global citizenship education. International Journal of Educational Research, 82, 170–183.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Graham, N., & Crawford, P. (2012). Instructor-led engagement and immersion programs: Transformative experiences of study abroad. Journal of Higher Education Outreach and Engagement, 16(3), 107–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg, D. J. (2008). Teaching global citizenship, social change, and economic development in a history course: A course model in Latin American travel/service learning. The History Teacher, 41(3), 283–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendershot, K., & Sperandio, J. (2009). Study abroad and development of global citizen identity and cosmopolitan ideals in undergraduates. Current Issues in Comparative Education, 12(1), 45–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn, A. S., & Fry, G. W. (2013). Promoting global citizenship through study abroad: The influence of program destination, type, and duration on the propensity for development volunteerism. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 24(4), 1159–1179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hovey, R., & Weinberg, A. (2009). Global learning and the making of citizen diplomats. In R. Lewin (Ed.), The handbook of practice and research in study abroad: Higher education and the quest for global citizenship (pp. 33–48). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Itin, C. M. (1999). Reasserting the philosophy of experiential education as a vehicle for change in the 21st century. The Journal of Experiential Education, 22(2), 91–98.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, D. (2010). Student learning in an international setting. New Directions for Higher Education, 2010(150), 97–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, D. A. (2014). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, A. Y., & Kolb, D. A. (2005). Learning styles and learning spaces: Enhancing experiential learning in higher education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 4(2), 193–212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolb, A. Y., & Kolb, D. A. (2012). Experiential learning theory: A dynamic, holistic approach to management learning, education and development. In N. Seel (Ed.), Academy of Management Learning & Education (pp. 1215–1219). New York, NY: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuzma, L. M. (2012). Developing global citizenship. Groupwork, 22(2), 49–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, K. (1939). Field theory and experiment in social psychology: Concepts and methods. American Journal of Sociology, 44(6), 868–896.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, R. (2009). Introduction: The quest for global citizenship through study abroad. In R. Lewin (Ed.), The handbook of practice and research in study abroad: Higher education and the quest for global citizenship (pp. xiii–xxii). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, D. (2014). Non-governmental organizations, management and development (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Littlepage, L., & Gazley, B. (2013). Examining service learning from the perspective of community organization capacity. In P. H. Clayton, R. G. Bringle, & J. A. Hatcher (Eds.), Research on service learning: Conceptual frameworks and assessment: Communities, institutions, and partnerships (pp. 419–440). Sterling, VA: Stylus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Littlepage, L., Gazley, B., & Bennett, T. A. (2012). Service learning from the supply side: Community capacity to engage students. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 22(3), 305–320.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lutterman-Aguilar, A., & Gingerich, O. (2002). Experiential pedagogy for study abroad: Educating for global citizenship. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 8(2), 41–82.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation: Revised and expanded from qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, A. (2009). Shocked by Slumdog’s poverty porn: Danny Boyle’s film is sweeping up awards, but it’s wrong to revel in the misery of India’s children. The Times, 14.

  • Morais, D. B., & Ogden, A. C. (2010). Initial development and validation of the Global Citizenship Scale. Journal of Studies in International Education, 15, 445–466.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myers, J. P. (2016). Charting a democratic course for global citizenship education: Research directions and current challenges. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 24(55), 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • NAFSA: The Association of International Educators. (2016). Trends in U.S. study abroad. http://www.nafsa.org/Policy_and_Advocacy/Policy_Resources/Policy_Trends_and_Data/Trends_in_U_S__Study_Abroad/.

  • Nolan, R. W. (2009). Turning our back on the world: Study abroad and the purpose of US higher education. In R. Lewin (Ed.), The handbook of practice and research in study abroad: Higher education and the quest for global citizenship (pp. 266–281). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oxfam. (2015). Education for global citizenship: A guide for schools. Oxford: Oxfam.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paige, R. M., Fry, G. W., Stallman, E. M., Josić, J., & Jon, J. E. (2009). Study abroad for global engagement: The long-term impact of mobility experiences. Intercultural Education, 20(1), S29–S44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pang, P. (2009). Strategy for the development of a global city: Study abroad in Singapore. In R. Lewin (Ed.), The handbook of practice and research in study abroad: Higher education and the quest for global citizenship (pp. 230–246). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pedersen, P. J. (2010). Assessing intercultural effectiveness outcomes in a year-long study abroad program. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 34(1), 70–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, J. (1964). Part I: Cognitive development in children: Piaget development and learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2(3), 176–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reysen, S., & Katzarska-Miller, I. (2013). A model of global citizenship: Antecedents and outcomes. International Journal of Psychology, 48, 858–870.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rushton, J. P., Brainerd, C. J., & Pressley, M. (1983). Behavioral development and construct validity: The principle of aggregation. Psychological Bulletin, 94(1), 18–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schattle, H. (2009). Global citizenship in theory and practice. In R. Lewin (Ed.), The handbook of practice and research in study abroad: Higher education and the quest for global citizenship (pp. 3–20). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheiber, L. (2016). How social entrepreneurs in the third sector learn from life experiences. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 27(4), 1694–1717.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seale, C., & Silverman, D. (1997). Ensuring rigour in qualitative research. The European Journal of Public Health, 7(4), 379–384.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sheppard, K. (2004). Global citizenship: The human face of international education. International Education, 34(1), 34–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shultz, L. (2007). Educating for global citizenship: Conflicting agendas and understandings. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 53(3), 248–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skelly, J. M. (2009). Fostering engagement: The role of international education in the development of global civil society. In R. Lewin (Ed.), The handbook of practice and research in study abroad: Higher education and the quest for global citizenship (pp. 21–32). New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Summit, J. (2013). Global citizenship demands new approaches to teaching and learning: AASCU’s global challenges initiative. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning, 45(6), 51–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarrant, M. A. (2010). A conceptual framework for exploring the role of studies abroad in nurturing global citizenship. Journal of Studies in International Education, 14(5), 433–451.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thier, M. (2015). Globally speaking: Global competence. In Y. Zhao (Ed.), Counting what counts: Reframing education outcomes (pp. 113–132). Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree.

    Google Scholar 

  • Türken, S., & Rudmin, F. W. (2013). On psychological effects of globalization: Development of a scale of global identity. Psychology and Society, 5(2), 63–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Dyne, L., Ang, S., & Koh, C. (2008). Development and validation of the CQS. Handbook of Cultural Intelligence, 16–40.

  • Walters, C., Charles, J., & Bingham, S. (2017). Impact of short-term study abroad experiences on transformative learning: A comparison of programs at 6 weeks. Journal of Transformative Education, 15(2), 103–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woolf, M. (2010). Another mishegas: Global citizenship. Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad, 19, 47–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wynveen, C., Kyle, G. T., & Tarrant, M. A. (2012). Study abroad experiences and global citizenship: Fostering proenvironmental behavior. Journal of Studies in International Education, 16(4), 334–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, Y. (2009). Wanted: Global villagers. Educational Leadership, 67(1), 60–65.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dyana P. Mason.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Appendix

Appendix

See Tables 6, 7, 8, 9.

Table 6 Course objectives
Table 7 Pre-departure reading list
Table 8 Pre-departure memo assignment prompt
Table 9 Post-program journal/video assignment prompt

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mason, D.P., Thier, M. Study Abroad, Global Citizenship, and the Study of Nongovernmental Organizations. Voluntas 29, 404–418 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-017-9899-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-017-9899-0

Keywords

Navigation