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Local Charitable Giving and Civil Society Organizations in Japan

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Abstract

This paper, using original survey data, examines the factors influencing individual giving behavior toward the organizations focusing on who gives what to which types of organizations, especially the local civil society organizations. The study finds that the variables regarding personal socio-demographic traits, experiences of local social participation, and an attachment to local society are statistically significant, but not the contextual effect such as size of city. In addition, it reveals various factors influencing giving behavior toward the neighborhood associations and incorporated NPOs. That is, it may denote there are different attributes between people who give to the neighborhood associations and people who give to the incorporated NPOs. Thus, further development of organizational forms may be considered for achieving better local governance and providing local public goods by the promotion of charitable giving from the enlightened residents.

Résumé

Cet article, qui utilise les données d’une enquête originale, étudie les facteurs qui influencent les comportements de dons individuels en faveur des organisations, en portant principalement sur ceux qui donnent, ce qu’ils donnent et à quels types d’organisations, en particulier les organisations de la société civile (OSC) locales. L’étude constate que les variables relatives aux caractéristiques personnelles sociodémographiques, aux expériences de participation sociale locale et à l’attachement à une société locale sont statistiquement significatives, mais pas l’effet contextuel comme la taille de sa ville. En outre, elle révèle divers facteurs qui influencent les comportements de dons en faveur des associations de quartier et des OBNL constituées. Autrement dit, elle peut indiquer qu’il existe des caractéristiques différentes entre les personnes qui donnent aux associations de quartier et celles qui donnent aux OSBL constituées. Ainsi, le développement avancé de formes d’organisation peut être envisagé pour parvenir à une meilleure gouvernance locale et fournir des biens publics locaux par la promotion de dons caritatifs de résidents éclairés.

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Beitrag stützt sich auf originale Erhebungsdaten und untersucht die Faktoren, die das individuelle Spendenverhalten gegenüber Organisationen beeinflussen, wobei man sich darauf konzentriert, wer was an welche Arten von Organisationen, und insbesondere die lokalen Bürgergesellschaftsorganisationen, spendet. Die Studie kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Variablen hinsichtlich der persönlichen sozio-demografischen Charakteristiken, der Erfahrungen mit lokaler gesellschaftlicher Partizipation und einer Bindung zur lokalen Gesellschaft statistisch signifikant sind, nicht jedoch der kontextabhängige Effekt, wie zum Beispiel die Größe einer Stadt. Des Weiteren werden variierende Faktoren gezeigt, die das Spendenverhalten gegenüber Nachbarschaftsvereinigungen und inkorporierten Nonprofit-Organisationen beeinflussen. Das heißt, dass unter Umständen unterschiedliche Attribute von Personen vorliegen, die an Nachbarschaftsvereinigungen spenden, und Personen, die an inkorporierte Nonprofit-Organisationen spenden. Folglich kann die weitere Entwicklung von Organisationsformen erwogen werden, um eine bessere lokale Steuerung zu erzielen und lokale öffentliche Güter bereitzustellen, indem das gemeinnützige Spenden von aufgeklärten Bürgern gefördert wird.

Resumen

El presente documento, utilizando datos originales de encuestas, examina los factores que influyen en los comportamientos individuales de donación a las organizaciones centrándose en quién da qué a qué tipos de organizaciones, especialmente las organizaciones locales de la sociedad civil (CSO, del inglés civil society organizations). El estudio encuentra que las variables relativas a los rasgos sociodemográficos personales, las experiencias de participación social local, y una vinculación a la sociedad local de cada uno son estadísticamente significativas, pero no el efecto contextual como el tamaño de la ciudad de cada uno. Asimismo revela factores variables que influyen en el comportamiento de donación hacia las NHA (asociaciones de salud nacionales) y las NPO constituidas (organizaciones sin ánimo de lucro). Es decir, puede denotar que existen diferentes atributos entre las personas que dan a las NHA y las personas que dan a las NPO constituidas. Por lo tanto, puede considerarse el desarrollo adicional de formas organizativas para lograr una mejor gobernanza local y proporcionar bienes públicos locales mediante la promoción de donaciones benéficas por parte de los residentes ilustrados.

Chinese

本文采用原始数据,集中从谁、向什么类型的组织(尤其是地方公民社会组织(CSO))、捐赠了什么等方面探讨了影响个人捐赠行为的因素。研究发现,个人社会人口统计特征、当地社会参与经验以及对个人当地社会的依附等变量均具有显著的统计学意义,但是诸如个人所在城市的规模等环境效应的统计学意义却不显著。此外,本文还揭示了影响个人向NHA和注册非营利组织(NPO)所作的捐赠行为的各种因素。也就是说,本文可能表示向NHA和向注册NPO捐赠的人之间存在不同的特征。因此,为了实现更好的地方管治和通过鼓励进步居民进行慈善捐赠而为本地提供公共产品,也许可以考虑进一步发展组织形式。

Arabic

هذه المقالة، تستخدم بيانات إستطلاع أصلية، تفحص العوامل المؤثرة في سلوكيات العطاء الفردي تجاه المنظمات التي تركز على الذي يعطي لأي نوع من أنواع المنظمات، خاصة منظمات المجتمع المدني المحلية (CSO). تجد الدراسة أن المتغيرات المتعلقة بالصفات الشخصية الإجتماعية والديموجرافية٬ تعاني من المشاركة الإجتماعية المحلية، ومرفق واحد للمجتمع المحلي ذو دلالة إحصائية، لكن لا تأثير للسياقية مثل حجم مدينة واحدة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، فإنه يكشف العوامل المؤثرة لسلوكيات العطاء تجاة مناطق التراث الوطني (NHA) والمنظمات الغير ربحية(NPO) المندمجة. هذا يعني٬ أنه يجوز للدلالة هناك سمات مختلفة بين الناس الذين يقدمون إلى مناطق التراث الوطني (NHA)والناس الذين يقدمون إلى المنظمات الغير ربحية (NPO) المندمجة. هكذا، يمكن اعتبار مزيد من الأشكال التنظيمية التطوير لتحقيق أفضل للحكم المحلي وتوفير السلع العامة المحلية من خلال تشجيع العمل الخيري من سكان مثقفين.

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Acknowledgments

The authors appreciate the anonymous reviewers’ instructive comments as well as the audience at the 7th Asia Pacific Conference of ISTR in Bali, Indonesia. The questionnaire survey conducted in this study was supported by a grant from the Foundation for Promoting Workers Welfare and Mutual aid Insurance in Tokyo, Japan, and a part of this work was supported by JSPS KAKENHI, Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B), Grant Number 25780198.

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Ishida, Y., Okuyama, N. Local Charitable Giving and Civil Society Organizations in Japan. Voluntas 26, 1164–1188 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-015-9588-9

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