Skip to main content
Log in

The Influence of Religion on Philanthropy in Canada

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Recognition of the multi-cultural nature of the Canadian population has led companies across a wide array of business domains to reach beyond their traditional bases of support to focus on hitherto untapped communities as potential markets for their goods and services. Competitive conditions within the voluntary sector have pushed nonprofits along this same path. However, no systematic Canadian research reports on the attitudes, social norms, benefits sought, expectations, opportunities, experiences, or behaviors of sub-communities in the voluntary sector. This paper examines philanthropic behavior by religion using data from the Statistics Canada 2000 National Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating. The paper compares and contrasts the voluntary and philanthropic behaviors of the Canadian population across religious groups; compares and contrasts the motivations for and perceived impediments against such behaviors; and articulates and examines a model that traces the influence of religion on voluntary and philanthropic behavior in Canada’s multi-cultural society.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aaker, J. L. (2000). Accessibility or diagnosticity? Disentangling the influence of culture on persuasion processes and attitudes. Journal of Consumer Research, 26, 340–357.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berger, I. E. (1999). The influence of advertising frequency on attitude-behavior consistency: A memory based analysis. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 14(4), 547–568.

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, I. E., & Gainer, B. (2000). Identity, communal embeddedness and philanthropy. Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference of the International Society for Third Sector Research, Dublin, Ireland.

  • Berger, J. (2003). Religious nongovernmental organizations: An exploratory analysis. Voluntas, 14(1), 15–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beyer, P. (1997). Religious vitality in Canada: The complementarity of religious market and secularization perspectives. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36(2), 272–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Browne, P. L. (1996). Love in a cold world? The voluntary sector in the age of cuts. Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clohesy, W. W. (2000). Altruism and the endurance of the good. Voluntas, 11(3), 237–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cnaan, R., Kasternakis, A., & Wineburg, R. J. (1993). Religious people, religious congregations, and volunteerism in human services: Is there a link? Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 22(1), 33–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, J. (1988). Social capital in the creation of human capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94(S), S95–S120.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • de Silva, A., & Doherty, C. (1996). Discrimination against visible minority men. Ottawa: Applied Research Branch, Strategic Policy Human Resources, Development Canada.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goss, K. A. (1999). Volunteering and the long civic generation. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 28(4), 378–415.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, M., McKeown, L., & Roberts, K. (2001). Caring Canadians, Involved Canadians: Highlights from the 2000 National Survey of Giving, Volunteering and Participating, Minister of Industry, Catalogue no. 71-542-XPE, Ottawa.

  • Husbands, W., McKechnie, A.-J., & Gagnon, M. (1999). An assessment of the need to improve the body of knowledge on volunteers and volunteering in Canada. Toronto: Canadian Centre for Philanthropy.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoge, D. R., Zech, C. E., McNamara, P. H., & Donahue, M. J. (1996). Money matters: Personal giving in American Churches. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meinhard, A. G., & Foster, M. K. (2003). Differences in the response of women’s oluntary organizations to shifts in Canadian public policy. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 32(3), 366–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Musick, M. A., Wilson, J., & Bynum, W. B. (2000). Race and formal volunteering: The differential effects of class and religion. Social Forces, 78(4), 1539–1571.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Portes, A. (1998). Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Putnam, R. D. (1995). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. Journal of Democracy (January), 65–78.

  • Reed, P. B., & Selbee, L. K. (2001). The civic core: Disproportionality in charitable giving, volunteering, and civic participation. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 30(4), 761–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schlozman, K. L., Burns, N., & Verba, S. (1994). Gender and the pathways to participation: The role of resources. The Journal of Politics, 56(4), 963–990.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Canada (2003). Social Trends in Canada: Focus on Toronto. Seminar, September 4.

  • Stroschein, S. (2002). NGO strategies for Hungarian and Roma minorities in Central Europe. Voluntas, 13(1), 1–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, J. W. St. G. (1989). Race and recruitment in World War I: Enlistment of visible minorities in the Canadian Expeditionary Force. Canadian Historical Review LLX(1).

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author acknowledges: the staff at the Toronto Research Data Centre, and Statistics Canada for making the NSGVP data available and for their support of this work; the financial support of the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Justin Azaria for the data analysis; and Mary Foster and Agnes Meinhard for their very helpful comments on an earlier version of this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ida E. Berger.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Berger, I.E. The Influence of Religion on Philanthropy in Canada. Voluntas 17, 110–127 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-006-9007-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-006-9007-3

Keywords

Navigation