Skip to main content
Log in

Statistical Multi-Object Shape Models

  • Published:
International Journal of Computer Vision Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The shape of a population of geometric entities is characterized by both the common geometry of the population and the variability among instances. In the deformable model approach, it is described by a probabilistic model on the deformations that transform a common template into various instances. To capture shape features at various scale levels, we have been developing an object-based multi-scale framework, in which a geometric entity is represented by a series of deformations with different locations and degrees of locality. Each deformation describes a residue from the information provided by previous steps. In this paper, we present how to build statistical shape models of multi-object complexes with such properties based on medial representations and explain how this may lead to more effective shape descriptions as well as more efficient statistical training procedures. We illustrate these ideas with a statistical shape model for a pair of pubic bones and show some preliminary results on using it as a prior in medical image segmentation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Besag, J. 1986. On the statistical analysis of dirty pictures. J. Royal Stat. Soc. B, 48(3):259–302.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Blum, H., and Nagel, R. 1978. Shape description using weighted symmetric axis features. Pattern Recognition, 10(3):167–180.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Chaney, E., Pizer, S.M., Joshi, R., Broadhurst, S., Flether, P.T., Gash, G., Han, Q., Jeong, J., Lu, C., Merck, D., Stough, J., Tracton, J., Rosenman, J., Chi, Y., and Muller, K. 2004. Automatic male pelvis segmentation from ct images via statistically trained multi-object deformable m-rep models. In American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO).

  • Cootes, T.F., Beeston, C., Edwards, G.J., and Taylor, C.J. 1999. A unified framework for atlas matching using active appearance models. Information Processing in Medical Imaging. LNCS 1613:322–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cootes, T.F., Edwards, G.J., and Taylor, C.J. 1998. Active appearance models. In Fifth European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 484–498.

  • Cootes, T.F., Taylor, C.J., Cooper, D.H., and Graham, J. 1995. Active shape models - their training and application. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 61(1):38–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davatzikos, C., Xiaodong, T., and Shen, D. 2003. Hierarchical active shape models, using the wavelet transform. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 22(3):414–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies, R.H., Twining, C.J., Cootes, T.F., Waterton, J.C., and Taylor, C.J. 2002. A minimum description length approach to statistical shape modeling. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 21(5):525–537.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, P.T. and Joshi, S. 2004. Principal geodesic analysis on symmetric spaces: statistics of diffusion tensors. In ECCV 2004 Workshop on Computer Vision Approaches to Medical Image Analysis (CVAMIA).

  • Fletcher, P.T., Lu, C., and Joshi, S. 2003. Statistics of shape via principal component analysis on Lie groups. In Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Los Alamitos, CA, pp. 95–101.

  • Fletcher, P.T., Lu, C., Pizer, S.M., and Joshi, S. 2004. Principal geodesic analysis for the study of nonlinear statistics of shape. IEEE Trans. Medical Imaging, 23(8):995–1005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gerig, G., Styner, M., Shenton, M.E., and Lieberman, J.A. 2001. Shape versus size: improved understanding of the morphology of brain structures. In Proc. MICCAI 2001, volume 2208 of Springer LNCS Springer-Verlag, pp. 24–32.

  • Goodall, C. 1991. Procrustes methods in the statistical analysis of shape. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 53(2):285–339.

    MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Grenander, U. 1995. Elements of Pattern Theory. Johns Hopkins University Press.

  • Grenander, U., Chow, Y., and Keenan, D.M. 1991. HANDS: A Pattern Theoretic Study of Biological Shapes. Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Han, Q., Lu, C., Liu, G., Pizer, S., Joshi, S., and Thall, A. 2004. Representing multi-figure anatomical objects. In International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, Germany, pp. 1251–1254.

  • Ho, S., and Gerig, G. 2004. Profile scale-space for multi-scale image match. In C. Barillot, D. Haynor, and P. Hellier, (eds.), Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI), Germany, pp. 176–183.

  • Jeong, J., Pizer, S., and Ray, S. 2006. Statistics on anatomic objects reflcting inter-object relations. In MICCAI Conference: Workshop on Mathematical Foundations of Computational Anatomy, pp. 136–145.

  • Joshi, S. 1997. Large deformation diffeomorphisms and Gaussian random fields for statistical characterization of brain submanifolds. PhD thesis, Washington University.

  • Joshi, S., Pizer, S., Fletcher, P.T., Yushkevich, P., Thall, A., and Marron, J.S. 2002. Multi-scale deformable model segmentation and statistical shape analysis using medial descriptions. IEEE-TMI, 21(5).

  • Kapur, T., Beardsley, P.A., Gibson, S.F., Grimson, W.E.L., and Wells, W.M. 1998. Model based segmentation of clinical knee} MRI. Model-based 3D Image Analysis workshop (in conjuction with ICCV).

  • Kass, M., Witkin, A., and Terzopoulos, D. 1987. Snakes: Active contour models. International Journal of Computer Vision, 1(4):321–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelemen, A., Szekely, G., and Gerig, G. 1999. Three-dimensional model-based segmentation. IEEE-TMI, 18(10):828–839.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimia, B.B., Tannenbaum, A.R., and Zucker, S.W. 1995. Shapes, shocks, and deformations I: the components of two-dimensional shape and the reaction-diffusion space. Int. J. Comput. Vision, 15:189–224.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, C., Cao, Y., and Mumford, D. 2002. Surface evolution under curvature flows. J. Visual Communication and Image Representation, 13:65–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, C., Pizer, S.M., and Joshi, S. 2003. A markov random field approach to multi-scale shape analysis. In L.D. Griffin and M. Lillholm, (eds.), Scale Space Methods in Computer Vision, volume 2695 of LNCS, Springer-Verlag pp. 416–431.

  • Mallat, S.G. 1989. Multifrequency channel decompositions of images and wavelet models. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech, Signal Processing, 37(12):2091–2110.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merck, D., Tracton, G., Pizer, S.M., and Joshi, S. A methodology for constructing geometric priors and likelihoods for deformable shape models. http://midag.unc.cs.edu/pubs/tech-rpts/Merck06_submission.pdf.

  • Pizer, S.M., Broadhurst, R., Jeong, J., Han, Q., Saboo, R., Stough, J., Tracton, G., and Chaney, E. 2006. Intra-patient anatomic statistical models for adaptive radiotherapy. In MICCAI Workshop From Statistical Atlases to Personalized Models: Understanding Complex Diseases in Populations and Individuals, pp. 43–46.

  • Pizer, S.M., Chen, J.Z., Fletcher, P.T., Fridman, Y., Fritch, D.S., Gash, A.G., Glotzer, J.M., Jiroutek, M.R., Joshi, S., Lu, C., Muller, K.E., Thall, A., Tracton, G., Yushkevich, P., and Chaney, E.L. 2003a. Deformable m-reps for 3D medical image segmentation. International Journal of Computer Vision, 55(2):85–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pohl, K.M., Fisher, J., Kikinis, R., Grimson, W.E.L., and Wells, W.M. 2005. Shape based segmentation of anatomical structures in magnetic resonance images. International Conference on Computer Vision, LNCS 3765:489–498.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pohl, K.M., Fisher, J., Levitt, J.L., Shenton, M.E., Kikinis, R., Grimson, W.E.L., and Wells, W.M. 2005. A unifying approach to registration, segmentation, and intensity correction. Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted-Intervention, LNCS 3749:310–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pizer, S.M., Fletcher, P.T., Thall, A., Styner, M., Gerig, G., and Joshi, S. 2003c. Object models in multi-scale intrinsic coordinates via m-reps. Image and Vision Computing, Special Issue on Generative Model-based Vision, 21(1):5–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pizer, S.M., Siddiqi, K., Szekely, G., Damon, J.N., and Zucker, S.W. 2003b Multiscale medial loci and their properties. Int. J. Computer Vision, 55(2):155–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pizer, S.M., Jeong, J., Lu, C., Muller, K., and Joshi, S. 2005. Estimating the statistics of multi-object anatomic geometry using inter-object relationships. In O.F. Olsen, L. Florack, and A. Kuijer, (eds.), International Workshop on Deep Structure, Singularities and Computer Vision (DSSCV), volume 3753 of LNCS, pp. 60–71 Springer-Verlag.

  • Siddiqi, K., Bouix, S., Tannenbaum, A.R., and Zuker, S.W. 2002. Hamilton-Jacobi skeletons. Int. J. Computer Vision, 48(3):215–231.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Stough, J., Pizer, S.M., Chaney, E., and Rao, M. 2004. Clustering on image boundary regions for deformable model segmentation. In International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), Piscataway, NJ, pp. 436–439.

  • Styner, M., and Gerig, G. 2001. IPMI ’01, volume 2082 of LNCS, chapter Medial models incorporating object variability for 3D shape analysis, Springer pp. 502–516.

  • Thall, A. 2004. Deformable Solid Modeling via Medial Sampling and Displacement Subdivision. PhD thesis, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

  • Tsai, A., Wells, W., Tempany, C., Grimson, E., and Willsky, A. 2003. Coupled multi-shape model and mutual information for medical image segmentation. Information Processing in Medical Imaging. LNCS 2732:185–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, A., Yezzi, A., Wells, W., Tempany, C., Tucker, D., Fan, A., Grimson, E., and Willsky, A. 2003. A shape-based approach to curve evolution for segmentation of medical imagery. IEEE T-MI, 22(2):137–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Unser, M. 1996. A review of wavelets in biomedical applications. Proceedings of the IEEE, 84(4):626–638.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaillant, M., and Davatizikos, C. 1999. Hierarchical matching of cortical features for deformable brain image registration. Information Processing in Medical Imaging, LNCS 1613:182–195.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yushkevich, P., Pizer, S.M., Joshi, S., and Marron, J.S. 2001. Intuitive, localized analysis of shape variability. In M.F. Insana and R.M. Leahy (eds.), Information Processing in Medical Imaging (IPMI), pp. 402–408,

  • Zhu, S.C. 1999. Embedding Gestalt laws in the Markov random fields—a theory for shape modeling and perceptual organization. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell., 21(11).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Conglin Lu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lu, C., Pizer, S.M., Joshi, S. et al. Statistical Multi-Object Shape Models. Int J Comput Vis 75, 387–404 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-007-0045-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-007-0045-0

Keywords

Navigation